Perpetual Increase of Tuition Fee Essay

Introduction: Like any other individuals, we are pursuing our right in every ways, delivering our thoughts and standing for what is due. We live side by side of our political system; adhere to what is implemented, grasp what has been told and act supposedly. The people is the basic unit of the nation that should be valued, cared and needs be sustained to augment their knowledge and skills in order to have cooperation in uplifting the economy and the living situation of every individual. Education is essential, basic and a must to a person for education is the source of knowledge and can improve you eventually as you step up in every stage that is prepared for a long time. The knowledge that has been thought will be passed down up to the next generation. It truly depicts that education is very treasure for everyone. This is something that can inform you from the lowest up to the highest information that could help you achieve your ambition and goals even how hard it is. But how is education be attained and sustained if it costs too high that even a single bar of it can’t be grasp? How could we possibly digest education when it is deprived to us because of costly tuition fee rate? Is education nowadays a right or just a privilege? Discussion: Our country is indeed aiming for quality education. Every school promotes its unique and exquisite style of performance and in every State Universities and Colleges is having their center of Excellency. But on the other side of the story tuition fee is always increasing and again and again inflating. Majority of the settlers here in our country is having difficulty striving just to uplift the way of living they have. This could be the means of conflict between the students and the learning institutions. â€Å"Higher education for a better nation† but how our nation will be better if this education they offered can’t be afforded? Just in this time many of my fellow youth are studying not inside the learning institution but they are studying how they can supply their daily needs and studying what job they are in. Unemployment rate has never been going down it always strikes the sky above. Why not create or craft new and effective formula and try to break down the problems into pieces. We are facing financial crisis and here comes the inflated tuition fees what is the outcome of it? Probably crushed and ruined dreams of every youth will be as huge as a mountain. It is in this environment that the government intervention is needed. Our tuition fees are not Income Generation of our Alma matter, we are not investors here and we are not investing just to build glamorous buildings and infrastructure, because we just need a simple apparatus just to learn perfectly. Students are investing for their future and we are not business partners of every learning institution. We came to feed ourselves of information not to feed the institution. Students are being aggressive because of this scenario happening they form groups and parties leading to an action appealing this kind of imbalance movement tuition fee hike. Of course they are full of potentials some of them are really solid leaders and if this scenario will continue eventually they will be like handicap persons who cannot move because they were tangled down in the reason of they do not hold degrees. As what we are claiming and what has been told to us by our hero Dr. Rizal â€Å"Youth is hope of our nation† if youth are not properly equipped of information how can we stand for that claim? If we are not properly educated we will be wasted. Truly if this problem will arise gradually nothing would be left for our youth. Our future depends on what we are studying if this would be taken away from us because of the tuition fee hike our lives will be fruitless and our nation wouldn’t be productive enough. Education is a must for everyone in fact education is right but what we are facing today is now a privilege. Education is a long term solution to the problems that we face. So what effect does it have on students? The increase in tuition fee every year means additional loan and burden to parents and more money comes out from the pocket for tuition. So if a student budget a certain amount of money for his or her whole course of study, that student will have to add extra amount of money to the old budget in order to be able to pay all his or her tuition fees. Some students strive to work just to sustain its study, double their time and their effort just to have more savings and for other school projects and requirements. Instead of focusing their mind and ability performing student responsibilities it was divided into different activities in order to sustain the education they have. It can result to stop schooling for a while just to earn more money and save more and more to prepare for its education. It can also be the cause of delay for their future and just a waste of time if they will stop and again another fruitless for their lives again. Depression, frustration and disappointment will be felt by these students. The students also become desperate to debt just to continue and pursue their dreams. So much stress imparted to these students. These effects are really inevitable if this burden continue. Students are the source of man power if they are equipped with the best offensive knowledge and defensive techniques supporting our system providing strong foundation from what they have learned. Conclusion: High tuition fee can motivate students to strive more and learn how to value education more, because nothing more education is a right, the fact that we can’t deny. But as of now we are still a developing country. We should not quickly shift and leap forward for costly tuition fee. Many of our youth is dreaming of education especially tertiary level education. Government should take a look of it; it is also under its jurisdiction to embrace with attention. Give out hope to these youth to pursue the dreams they want. Recommendation: Since it’s somewhat impossible to stop the increase, the least we could do is to give more options to people who clearly have little capability to send themselves to a learning institution. We can still promote scholarship grant or any internship in universities just to ease up the tuition fee bills. But in this time we should make sure that those beneficiaries are much more deserving so that it will not be wasted. Government should donate some facilities or buildings just to lessen the tuition fee, like sponsoring from other groups or any party list groups. We should also consider the life style of the people or income they receive comparing to the tuition fee, if necessary to decrease the tuition in such way students can grab somehow. Reaching out to students what is due to them. We can help one another in formulating solutions to simplify things correctly. As what University of the Philippines created called STFAP or Socialized Tuition and Financial Assistance Program, we can adopt this idea and be regulated in every learning institution. I think it could be more practical in this way so that students may not carry heavy loads. For those who came from low income families they will be receiving monthly allowance and instead of working at night just to sustain education they have. Under the STFAP, you can get benefits with regard to tuition fee payments, laboratory fees and, in some cases, a monthly stipend from the university. The brackets with their corresponding benefits are as follows: * Bracket A (income of over PhP1,000,000 annually) students pay the full tuition fee at PhP1,500 per unit * Bracket B (income of PhP500,001 to PhP1,000,000 annually) students pay only the base tuition at PhP1,000 per unit * Bracket C (income of PhP250,001 to PhP500,000 annually) applicants pay 60% of the base tuition at PhP600 per unit * Bracket D (income of PhP135,001 to PhP250,000 annually) students pay 30% of the base tuition at PhP300 per unit * Bracket E1 (income of PhP80, 001 to PhP135, 000 annually) and Bracket E2 (income of PhP80, 000 or less annually) students do not have to pay tuition fees. Additionally, Bracket E2 students get a monthly allowance valued at PhP12, 000 every semester or about PhP2, 400 every month. Students categorized under Brackets A through D also have to pay full laboratory and miscellaneous fees amounting to about PhP2, 000 upon enrolment.

Knowledge English Essay

So the world I came to know started when I was six, when I moved here in the United States because of my father’s job. At such an early age, I was transported to a place where everything seems weird and different. Clueless, I wept for having no choice at all. There was no one to talk to, who would understand, and who would care. I asked myself how was I supposed to survive in this country when I do not know anybody and with little knowledge on English. The first days were a struggle – I miss my old home, my old school, my friends, everything in and about Japan. I was sick and homesick, did not want to go to the first day of grade school. But my mother forced me to. The diligent child that I am, I went to school in San Jose. I expected to be isolated; but my expectations were incorrect because I was welcomed by the entire school. People did not see my differences; they gladly accepted me. I was happy finding myself in the company of new friends, one of whom was Corey Tucker. It was lunchtime; I sat alone on the bench, crying. Someone suddenly reached over and stuck a chocolate-chip cookie in my mouth. The boy opened an interesting conversation. When I told him I came from Japan, he was excited, incessantly asking questions. With awkward smiles, I answered each of his queries even though I knew my English was not so good. By the time the lunch ended, Corey and I were best friends. He soon introduced me to his friends and was easily accepted to the school and the society I did not quite understand. They made sure I knew where the bathroom, canteen, library, clinic, and classrooms were and tutored me in the language; good thing I learned fast. As we matured, my friends did not only teach me English but also American culture, lifestyle, beliefs, and values. They have been very positive influences, especially Corey, who was always there for me and have remained my very good friends. Because of them, I came to love and appreciate life in this country. Homesickness and tears were all wiped out because I started being integrated into the society. I would come home from school tired yet happy. Thus, my parents enjoyed seeing my bright disposition, realizing I have adjusted successfully. In high school, with much proficiency in English, I persevered to perform well in my studies, regarding every course essential in my pursuit of knowledge and meaning in life. Truth is, I got disappointed whenever a classmate argues about the unimportance of studying math or physics because he or she sees no point in spending time to learn something that will not be of good use in the future. I hated this line of argument, as I deem every aspect of education as an essential tool in our lives. There is a reason why math or physics is in the curriculum and why we need to learn it. Whenever someone contends that a certain course or field of study is useless, I heat up, compelled to demonstrate the fallacy of such argument by providing specific examples from my own life or everyday circumstances. This is the world I came from. Much of what I know today, I owe to the friends who have guided me, the teachers who have taught me beyond what the textbooks said, and my family that has stayed intact and happy despite problems and difficulties. All these people have shaped my dream and aspiration to pursue a degree in math or physics. My friends knew that I am most passionate about physics and math. They have encouraged me to take this passion to a higher level. They have always joked that one day they will gladly see the Japanese friend they used to tutor become a physicist. I knew they will be happy if I pursue my dream. There is no better way of showing my appreciation for the years we have been together than showing them that the newbie they have welcomed has grown up to be a successful man. Moreover, the school world I came from have taught me not only factual knowledge but also values I need in facing bigger tasks in a bigger world. I want to make them proud that I, who was once a crybaby, feeling left out on the first day of school, am now successful in my own field and able to make a difference in others’ lives. Furthermore, the world I came from will not be the same without the family that sacrificed leaving Japan just to better provide for my needs. My aspiration of pursuing math or physics, practice it, and put into good use is largely for my mother and my father to show my appreciation for their efforts and sacrifices. Since America is my world now, I aspire to realize this here in the land I have come to call my home. I have always believed that the measure of learning is its application. Therefore, I prepare myself and try to achieve holistic development. I continuously hope that the education I have received and will receive can be used for the betterment of my world.

Auditing And Assurance Services of Insurance Company

Analysis of business risk of HIH indicated that such risks are linked with global, environmental and local factors. Such risks are deemed to be relied on the understanding of insurance sector and the ways in which HIH is capable to adjust itself within the parameters of risk evaluation (Abbas and Iqbal 2012). Insolvency Risk Determination: Several measures are available for insolvency determination in which the roles of evaluating risk are dependent on the auditing risk evaluation. Here exists certain general agreement that is necessary to have the capacity for addressing the debts of the organization under which it is encompassed. Along with support of insolvency risk and profitability structure there is a requirement concentrate more on business that will include limited consumers to launch the sector (Bagshaw 2013). The conceptual framework is based on the organizations capacity to address its existing debt. For this reason, it is vital to determine company’s solvency that further analyses non-financial along with financial considerations. Profitability Evaluation and Related Structure: Among the suitable approaches for evaluating HIH’s business risk in order to further analyze the competitive environment of the sector concerning the increase in competition along with price range enhancement. For risk evaluation, insurance handling within the Australian industry turns out to be relatively simpler those are fresh to the regulations of the industry (Bebbington et al. 2014). â€Å"The Insurance and the Superannuation Commission† serves as an Australian regulatory body holding the â€Å"Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority†. Certain risks that HIH is capable to deal with include auditing risk factors as this facilitates the company to issue an unqualified audit relied on some financial statements. Such aspects are generally relied on holding the procedure along with planning in alignment with some risks namely control, detection and inherent risk (Glover et al. 2016). Control risks encompass certain material inaccuracy that the company failed to detect in its internal control systems. It was observed from the case of HIH the accuracy and completeness of the general ledger for the ledger recognition and the bank account, which is not yet performed by the company. Organizational performance is relied on the process of substantive differential that offers a huge dependence on the process of external documentation (Griffiths 2012). Ledger accounts inclusion and the distinct bank accounts assist in organizations tangible assets valuation. Risk detection includes several techniques of auditing that is performance based and does not tend to detect the material inaccuracies or any assertions. This indicates that it is necessary for HIH to focus on timely planning and decreasing the situations of not detecting material misstatement very effectively. From the internal documents of HIH, it is gathered that the company was not capable of conducting suitable substantive procedures that is intended to address issues related with superior performance concerning the inadequate planning and goodwill for upcoming tax benefits (Kogan et al. 2014). Inherent risk can be understood as uncertainties related to a company’s financial statement in which HIH Insurance Company accepts the solvency margin maintenance, charging adequate premiums along with the organizations liquidity factors. This includes reinsuring several different policies along with offering the record of marine insurance practices that hugely belongs to insurance professions. The issue is associated to unqualified audit procedure that includes audit risk those are inefficiently managed by the organization. Auditors are seemed to have less awareness regarding inherent risk that is unrecognized by modifications made by HIH in the previous year. Huge focus is observed to be on auditing report that signifies auditing practices implemented by HIH. The auditor remained inefficient in investigating the company’s auditing practices that it can notify to various practices. Such issues are generally associated to inadequate auditor’s independence in alignment with the non-auditing work performance and realizing the HIH operations for enhanced business risk. Such cases are linked to certain auditing procedures with estimated auditing risk (Messier Jr 2016). For creditors it is essential that they require put huge focus on the minimum solvency needs that is deemed that organization can stay solvent at the declaration time of the director. The reports are linked with the determination of management lied on increasing concern. It is essential to indicate that HIH requires directing its focus on an organization’s liquidity position where the liquidity position is generally concerned with financial as well as operational conducts of HIH. Such risks were related with pricing capability and outstanding claims of companies in alliance with HIH’s reservation policy for dealing and working on investment decisions (Pitt 2014). Such representations are relied on provision handing where there is a requirement for prudential margins. For clients the focus is greatly on organizational performance illustrating inefficient goodwill planning and for deferred acquisition expenses and increase tax advantages. For this reason, if the consumers hire former auditors than it might have adverse impact on the independence of eternal auditing. It can be gathered that these auditors continues holding effective partnership with the auditing team. This includes holding increased influenced on the recent auditors based on the authority (Rikhardsson and Dull 2016). Considerably it can be stated that there is a strong association among former along with the existing auditors as they are capable to recognize and deal with issues related with parties that they hold and influence. Certain conditions that have surfaced the process of negligence actions of HIH insurance is generally related with the alterations accelerations made in the legislations. It is gathered from the case of the company that combinations of high risk pricing capability, uncontrolled investments and under-reserving the policies resulting in depletion of the company’s financial resources (Schmidt et al. 2016). Faulty corporate governance conducts of HIH- From the case study it is gathered that the reasons for a company’s bankruptcy generally includes certain agency cost issues resulting from agency conflict between the proprietors, debtors and managers in the company. A huge fraction of the issues is based on the changes that are generally reinforced with the direct liability structure of the government. The beginning of the legislative changes is linked with the public liabilities and insufficient risk management plays the role for ineffective management (Shin et al. 2013). Facts gathered from the case study indicate that inadequate risk management is because of the reason of failure in developing efficient management practices and policies. The directors seem to avoid conducting analysis of strategy for investment along with risk appreciation that is linked with several information sources. Inadequate independence data resources- The case study indicates that an accounting system has a considerable role in the functions of commercial systems of supremacy. For a company like HIH, it does not seem practicable for the non-executive directors to collect and have data vital for them to fulfill their director’s responsibilities. For this reason, responsibilities of the company’s noon-executive directors requires being compromised for there are no alternatives other than relying on the accounting systems generated and directed by the management. Moreover, this indicates inherent risks of business systems (Gaber and Lusk 2015). Inadequate independence for non-executive director- From the information gathered from the case study it is gathered that the non-executive directors it is justified to be questions and most certainly it does not seem that ideal as it seems to appear. Among the five executive directors, two directors are observed to be partners of Arthur Anderson secretarial company. It was gathered that HIH had experienced an expense of $1.7 million to Anderson for â€Å"Auditing Services† along with an amount of $1.631 million for the â€Å"provision of non-auditing services†. It is gathered that auditing services serve as a major source of extractions from the independent auditor and several related directors (Christensen et al. 2012). Either indirectly or directly corporate governance practices of HIH are held accountable for negligence conducts that effectively defines that the guiding principal or action course because of lack in independent evaluation of the management. Major focus is observed to be on the inadequate evidence before the audit report release along with changes that has been possible to be made in several accounts. The development of close relationship with the non-auditing services resulted in refusal on the enhancement of paid auditing services (William Jr et al. 2016). HIH Company desired to hire prior to the members of its external audit group are because of following reasons: Auditors are required to conserve the professional skepticism that implements the managerial conducts of organizations for the auditors and management are not capable to manage the financial statement (Christensen et al. 2013). Auditing organizations are required to offer certain non-auditing services with management consultancy along with offering advices on tax. This will make companies capable to offer non-auditing and auditing services to consumers. Objectivity is relied on dependency handling where consumers’ information is dependent on income source. Whereas, interest conflict is set to offer auditing and consulting services a set of discrepancies between the executives and management. Auditors have the reports concerning the financial situations with the profit maximization objective of companies (Ricchiute 2012). Benefit of having the identical organization offers both consulting and auditing services, as they are dependent on dealing with the audit activities of business. These facilities facilitate having the change in certain impaired statements. The reports are relied on recognizing company errors as it facilitates auditors and consultant to maintain client information management. These m easures facilitate in dealing with mistakes and offer compilation of management reports. The regulatory measures serve as best solution for determining financial reports accuracy where providing these services are advantageous for various accounting companies (Pitt 2014). The case study indicates that organizational members did not accomplish their duties honestly, because they continuously offered misleading or false information. Most of the company’s staff indulged themselves in unethical conducts where they failed to complete their organizational duties effectively. Arthur Anderson deteriorated situations with considerable collapse of Enron. The organization observed the person guilty of obstructing justice for some work papers deductions (Messier Jr 2016). These situations indicate a violation of thee organizations ethical standard that is further than the ethical limit of any corporate organization. Organizational staff requires indulging themselves in attaining ethical duties off the organization other than dealing with their clients. Such statement is relied on maintaining regulations with suitable codes and business standards. This encompasses information disclosure for suitable accounting practices (Pitt 2014). Evaluation of the case study recommends certain policies concerned with governance and financial reporting within amendments of CLERP 9, mentioned under: These recommendations intend to identify and deal with issues concerned with corporate groups. Their objective is to enhance financial reporting along with audit functions for disclosing the matters that impacts audit independence and further financial information disclosures (Messier Jr 2016). These suggestions intend to identify responsibility through spreading long chain of managerial functions essential to be performed by employees. Abbas, Q. and Iqbal, J., 2012. Internal Control System: Analyzing Theoretical Perspective and Practices.  Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(4), pp. 530-538. Bagshaw, K., 2013.  Audit and Assurance Essentials: For Professional Accountancy Exams. London: John Wiley & Sons. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.  Sustainability accounting and accountability. London: Routledge. Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M. and Wood, D. A., 2012. Extreme estimation uncertainty in fair value estimates: Implications for audit assurance. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory,  31(1), pp. 127-146. Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M. and Wood, D. A., 2013. Extreme estimation uncertainty and audit assurance.  Current Issues in Auditing,  7(1), pp. 36-42. Gaber, M. and Lusk, E. J., 2015. Account Screening: Rationalizing The Extended procedures Decision in The Audit Context.  EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies,  5(9), pp. 1-20. Glover, S. M., Taylor, M. H. and Wu, Y. J., 2016. Current Practices and Challenges in Auditing Fair Value Measurements and Complex Estimates: Implications for Auditing Standards and the Academy.  Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 8(6), p. 89. Griffiths, M. P., 2012.  Risk-based auditing. Berlin: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Kogan, A., Alles, M. G., Vasarhelyi, M. A. and Wu, J., 2014. Design and evaluation of a continuous data level auditing system.  Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory,  33(4), pp. 221-245. Messier Jr, W., 2016.  Auditing & assurance services: A systematic approach. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Pitt, S. A., 2014. Internal audit quality. A Journal of Practice & Theory,  3(4), pp. 21-24. Ricchiute, D. N., 2012.  Auditing and assurance services. Berlin: South Western Educational Publishing. Rikhardsson, P. and Dull, R., 2016. An exploratory study of the adoption, application and impacts of continuous auditing technologies in small businesses.  International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,  20(7), pp. 26-37. Schmidt, P. J., Wood, J. T. and Grabski, S. V., 2016. Business in the Cloud: Research Questions on Governance, Audit and Assurance.  Journal of Information Systems, 2(7), pp. 6-37. Shin, I. H., Lee, M. G. and Park, W., 2013. Implementation of the continuous auditing system in the ERP-based environment.  Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(7), pp. 592-627. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.  Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach, 8(7), pp. 92-127

Discrimination of Women Nurses in Qatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Discrimination of Women Nurses in Qatar - Essay Example Qatar is one of the countries that attract job seekers who travel the country to exploit numerous employment opportunities, and nursing has been one of the areas that attract many would be enthusiasts who believe that the country has the best approach towards treating and rewarding nurses (Hassan, Hassan & King, 2012). However, the reverse is the case because many of these nurses who end up Qatar face discrimination at workplace especially women as they are assigned duties that devalue their morals and personality (SYMES, 2015). An interview with the nurse in Qatar points to a new direction on how individuals who end in Qatar face serious discrimination after being brought into the country through job agencies. The discrimination against nurses explains why these women receive poor pay, as the interviewee confirmed and this is a problem that is deeply rooted in the society.   The discrimination of women in nursing is better understood by first identifying the percentage of women pa rticipation in labor as recommended by the society. In general, women are not fairly represented in the labor market as evident from the dominance of male professionals in most of the career sectors. Although women are equally educated in Qatar to assume the roles in various employment positions like nursing and other fields, the woman nurse interviewee ascertained that discrimination based on gender difference is a major constraint to ensuring gender equality in the nursing profession (Interview).

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marketing Research - Essay Example The performance of marketing strategies is evaluated so as to identify the possible steps that can be taken for the improvement of market understanding. Marketing research makes the entire process of data collection very specific in a manner that it attempts to address only those issues which will lead towards the problem solving, it defines and suggests the methods required for data collection, the gathered data is then formatted and prepared for implementation, the results are analyzed and the end result is communicated to the concerned party. It also implies how the changing trend of marketing mix affects the consumer behavior. This term is often interchangeably used with market research, practitioners however have described it as two distinct entities; market research is the research carried out to understand only the market trend whereas marketing research attempts to address to the entire marketing process particularly entailing the changing behavior of the consumers and custom ers. (David, 2007) Here also marketing research process will be discussed with respect to Telstra Corporation (Australia). The issue under question will be how to address the different categories of consumers and customers using telecommunication services. ... The research methodology that has been adopted is secondary. Introduction (Telstra Corporation) Telstra is on of the leading telecommunication and information services company located in Australia. Their network is spread throughout Australia providing people with diversified services in telecommunication; they provide approximately 8.6 million fixed lines and the mobile services amount up to 10.5 million with the inclusion of 8.2 million 3G services. They provide comprehensive and efficient internet services which are popularly known by the name of Big Pond, services are also offered to other telecommunication and internet carriers. Furthermore Telstra has a 50% share in FOXTELÂ ® which deals with cable and television facilities and services. Vision Telstra Corporation’s vision is to make improvements in people’s living and working lifestyle. Mission To build and promote such a technology that is simple, has easy usage and provides value to the customers. Their claim is that they have the best knowledge about their customers’ needs hence designing the appropriate plan to serve them. Research Methodology The research method that has been used here is secondary source. Various published sources are tapped to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Telstra’s ranking in Australia’s telecommunication company. Telstra’s own published literature including quarterly and annual reports are explored to supplement findings. Further analyzed media a source including print media has been used to gain additional knowledge about Telstra. Hypothesis If extensive research is conducted on customers’ behavior, service usage and mentality about the product, it becomes easier to understand their needs

John Dewey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Dewey - Essay Example The community as a whole, through formal laws and customs, codifies behavior that ultimately commits individuals to a specific course of action. Such predictable actions are required for community life. The schools function as socializing agencies, internalizing the child's recognition of social duties and the will to carry them out. Dewey insisted that social ties, like the parent-child relationship, are natural. The mutual responsibilities corresponding to these specific stations are therefore intrinsic and binding. By nurturing the social spirit of the child, an habitual disposition to act out of social service and for the common good will becomes manifest. Pursuit of self-advantage and infidelity to one's social responsibilities is a primary evil according to Dewey. Freedom and social responsibility are not incompatible. Social authority is natural and inevitable, not a necessary limitation on personal freedom. Throughout his writings, Dewey retained the Hegelian insight that man achieves human qualities and fulfillment by participating in the enhancement of community life. Individuals should identify the social good as their own true good by perceiving the values and common interests that bind people together. Their freedom and happiness ultimately depend upon it. Individuals should obey the la... However, in advocating policy changes, they must persuade others voluntarily. The burden of proof is upon them to demonstrate how a specific law or practice fails to serve the common good. Dewey's theory of democracy was designed to reconcile freedom with authority, social stability with the need for reform, and universal standards with specific circumstances. He substantively refined Lockean individualism, which is popularly associated with the modern liberal tradition. Dewey comprehensively applied these insights to the reform of education. Once again, many critics mistakenly identify him with the radical, subjectivist approach of progressive education. Dewey denounced the progressive educator's romantic fetish for the "natural child." The child-centered school provided no standards at all; logically it culminated in anarchy. Proper teacher authority and a well-structured curriculum were indispensable. Dewey argued that, "to fail to assure them guidance and direction is not merely a permit to operate in a blind and spasmodic fashion, but it promotes the formation of habits of immature, undeveloped, and egoistic activity." (Dewey, 1930) Indulging a child's selfish whims would lead to an arrest of growth and the disintegration of personality. The development of mental powers follows certain laws of growth. The fact that a child might desire something does not mean that it is in fact desirable. That judgment can be determined only after critical reflection. (Dewey, 1929) The glorification of the spontaneous and immediately enjoyable also stunted the child's capacity to understand contemporary social life. These students were not socially responsible or cognizant of the forces of industrial civilization. While

The most famous building of U of O Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The most famous building of U of O - Essay Example It also functions unconventionally through use of smart plugs, efficient electric lighting and controls, advanced monitoring systems and green roofs. Lillis Business Complex’s orientation enables it achieve maximum energy efficiency hence reducing emissions. The east-west orientation ensure that there is adequate natural light in the classrooms during the day therefore no artificial lighting, which emits heat and raises energy costs, is required. The building also runs on solar energy, a renewable source of energy, which is generated from a 44 kW of (PV) cells. These cells are incorporated into the atrium’s south-facing curtain wall finishing, windowpanes on the penthouse roof, and flat roof sheets and are fed into the university’s power grid for use by other amenities.1 This in turn ensures that there are no emissions from generators and it greatly reduces the energy cost in the university. Environmentalist are advocating for recycling and reuse of materials as a way of coming up with sustainable buildings and environments. Lillis Business Complex is made of recycled materials hence extending the life and usefulness of old materials that have fulfilled their purpose, thus making them useable. The construction waste from the previous building was sorted and valuable materials like steel and cardboards were reused in the building of the green complex.90% of the beautiful complex is made up of structural steel and concrete which contain recycled matter. The floor is made of Marmoleum, which is a biodegradable product of linseed oil and wood wastes from industries, a big part of the buildings carpet tile is from recycled carpeting, which has a prolonged life span compared to other forms of carpeting, and all this resulted in cost saving of the building materials. If not well designed for, a building may end up using more or less water than anticipated hence water conservation is a key element when coming up with green buildings. This may lead to increased water bill costs or under utilization of the building due to lack of or inadequate water supply. Sustainable landscape techniques have been put in place for water conservation purposes. Adaptive plants have been used to minimize water and pesticide use, which lead to pollution, Low flow appliances have also been put in place with the aim of conserving water by controlling the amount of water that runs from these appliances. Green roofs act as normal strainers by keeping water in plants, growing media and later vaporizing it into the air, during summer, they retain 70-80% of rainfall and 20-30% in winter and decrease and deferment run off throughout hefty and extended precipitation. By incorporating green roof in Lillis Business Complex, the institution reduced the impact of run off on the storm water drainage system and reduced the chances of local flooding. During summer, photosynthesis and evapotranspiration reduce the amount of solar energy absorbed by the roof membr ane, creating cooler temperatures in the interior while during winter, root activity of the plants produce heat thus keeping the interior warm, therefore making them good insulators. The green roofs also provide the students’ with an area where they can socialize as well as meet their green space needs, fresh air transmission in a building not only increases the tenants’ self-esteem, but also develops their health and luxury. The quality of indoor environment in Lillis Business

Impact of Teen Pregnancy on the Support System in the UK Coursework

Impact of Teen Pregnancy on the Support System in the UK - Coursework Example Babies born to teenagers are possible to have poor life outcomes. Most teenage mothers suffer physical, mental and emotional health conditions. All too frequently teenage parent families live in poverty (Field, 2011). There are various bodies that provide support to teenager mother in different ways. Some organizations offer that services support teenage mums to develop the skills and confidence they need to live independently. Mostly teenage mothers need support in areas such as budgeting, cooking, debt, benefits, self-esteem, confidence, assertiveness, and re-housing. Most support bodies are committed to giving them the opportunities in education, training, and employment. Â  Other organizations help these teenage mothers access other specialist services so that they get the full range of help to really make a difference for them, for their babies and for their families. One such body that provides support for teenage mothers is Action for Children's Gabriel Court which oversees the performance and ensures a multi-agency strategic approach to reducing levels of teenage pregnancies in the UK. Â  

The Question of State Rights and the Cause of the American Civil War Essay

The Question of State Rights and the Cause of the American Civil War - Essay Example In fact, the issue of slavery only served as a trigger that eventually let loose the war that was waiting to happen due to animosities between the states, particularly those in the South, and the federal government. These animosities are based on the contrasting stand regarding the issues of state rights and the powers of the federal government when it comes to the administration of the states. It was during the presidency of Abraham Lincoln that the issue of slavery became such a contentious and divisive issue in the country. Most of the states in the North have made into law the abolition of slavery but the South continued to defend it as a very important aspect of the economy. However, Lincoln strongly pushed for the abolition of slavery on a nation-wide scope. This angered the South who also had supporters or lobbyists within the halls of congress. In a debate with a pro-slavery political figure, Lincoln said, â€Å"I believe we shall not have peace upon the question until the o pponents of slavery arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or on shall become alike lawful and in all the States, old as well as new, North as well as South.†i This point only antagonized further the states, particularly in the south. This stance from the president himself only encouraged the Southern States to consider seceding from the Union and to establish their own sovereign country which would naturally continue to promote slavery as a means of utilizing manpower for its economic activities. This conflict also highlighted the unresolved debates that occurred during the founding period of the country. Such issues were once sidelined intentionally or were relegate to the background while the country was still trying to establish itself politically and economically, especially because it had just won independence. However, it did not take long for such antagonisms to grow into actual conflicts. All it took was for the federal government to insist on it’s the laws at the expense of the states for these to happen. A particular event that led to the sharpening contradictions evidently between the North and South, but actually between the federal government and the states, was what happened in the Nullification Crisis in 1832. At that time, a federal law was made that introduced tariffs in order to discourage foreign competition with the products of the industry which were largely found in the North. However, such law put the South at disadvantage because of its dependence on imports. Through their own interpretation of the Constitution, key political leaders of the South insisted in nullifying the said tariff law. They pointed out that â€Å"should the federal government exceed its delegated powers by, for example, enactive a protective tariff, a state had the power to declare such an action unconstitutional and therefore null and void within it s boundaries.†ii This is exactly the same attitude that the Southern states had when the North and the federal government moved for the abolition of slavery. Due to the fact that such legislation would put it at such great disadvantage many of the states in the South actively sought exemption from it. From the perspective of the federal gover

Letter to Newspaper Essay Example for Free

Letter to Newspaper Essay Traditionally adult learners are students who are pursuing education in either, college (undergraduate or graduate degrees), vocational or occupational programs, continuing education or noncredit courses, correspondence courses and tutoring, as well as courses and other educational activities provided by employers, community groups, and other providers (Adult Learner, 2012). The average age of an adult learner is 25 years or older, it usually is a diverse group of people (Adult Learner, 2012). These adult learners can be an independent student, employed full time, a person with dependents, a person who as a result of a death or divorce, is now single and wishes to complete a degree program and a veteran of the United States military (Adult Learner, 2012). There also the lifelong learners who generally have additional responsibilities such as family, career, military, or community, and are seeking a degree or other educational offering to enhance their professional and or personal lives (Adult Learner, 2012). Education is any formally structured learning activity in which there are an instructor and curriculum. According to Bringhamton University (2012), the largest and fastest expanding market segment for higher education is the adult learner. Universities and colleges need to adjust their infrastructure to attract better and serve adult learners. There is less high school graduates entering colleges versus the adult learner (Demographics, 2012). With less traditional aged students and more non-traditional or adult learners there will be less public support, political leverage, and legislative support to finance an educational system that is designed primarily to serve the needs of traditional aged students without considering the special needs of a more age diverse student body (Demographics, 2012). There is a push in Washington for more federal dollars in adult training. They believe the  return on investment (ROI) from adult education and training is positive as billions of dollars could be earned, saved, and pumped back into the struggling economy (Gonzalez, 2011). The argument at capital is that adult education actually saves governments money by reducing societal healthcare, public assistance, and incarceration costs. It also improves and expands the nation’s available pool of workers by helping motivated, but undereducated people get jobs (Gonzalez, 2011). The theory of adult learning is the assumptions about how adults learn. Emphasizes the value of the process of learning in adults (Adult Learning Theory, 2007). Malcom Knowles and American practitioner and theorist of adult education defined is as an art and science of helping adults learn (Adult Learning Theory, 2007). Knowles also defined six adult learning principles as adults are internally motivated and self-directed, adults bring life experiences and knowledge to learning experiences and are goal orientated. They also relevancy oriented and are practical learners who like to be respected when in the classroom (Adult Learning Theory, 2007). As educators, we need to foster the adult learner’s internal motivation to learn. Develop a rapport with the adult learner, encourage them to ask questions and explore concepts. Some adult learners come with years of experience and knowledge, with this as an instructor or teacher we need to harvest this information and have them apply it to their new learning experiences. The need to for effective adult education over the past few years have increased. It is important we support adult learners. As with the increasing adult learning population, we are also increasing our nation’s available pool of workers. It is important that we invest in adult education as it nurture’s creativity, imagination and fulfilling lives. Investing in adult education is also important for families, communities and our country as a whole. Education is an important first step for some adult learners as it is a second chance in learning. Adult education is a great way for students that didn’t finish high school to get their high school diploma and continue on with their lives. Adult education is usually at night, so that the adults who attend it may still continue to go to work. This allows theses adults to continue to progress in their lives while adding more education to their resume and mind. References Becoming familiar with adult learning theory and the six principles of adult learning. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.qotfc.edu.au/resource/?page=65375 Gonzalez, J. (2011). Adult-education leaders visit capitol hill to push for more federal dollars. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/Adult-Education-Leaders-Visit/127448/ The effects of changing demographics on higher education. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.binghamton.edu/cice/documents/NYSTAKeynotePPT.pdf Who is an adult learner? (2012). Retrieved from http://universitycollege.illinoisstate.edu/adult/who.shtml

Uk British Muslim Identity Sociology Essay

Uk British Muslim Identity Sociology Essay The purpose of this essay is to focus on the historical and contemporary construction of British-Muslim identity in U.K. and analyse its perceived relationship with radicalism. The first part of the essay will shed light on the problem of this umbrella term British-Muslim by highlighting the extent to which the religious identity of Muslims in Britain is beyond ethnic and national identities. In addition to this, this section will discuss whether putting a label of British-Muslim identity is legitimate, in terms of structure, meaning and a body of people who subscribe to the label. The next part of the essay examines why and how the British-Muslim identity has come to be associated with radical extremism. This section will include debates of integration and assimilation and discuss why some Muslims in the UK fail to achieve a sense of belonging in Britain and thus consequently turn to radical extremist organisations. In the end pertinent conclusions will be drawn based on the precedi ng arguments. Contemporary estimates suggest that the total population of British Muslims in the UK is approximately 2 million, or around 3.3% of the national population. This population is comprised of people from approximately 56 national backgrounds speaking around 70 languages including groups originating from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, North-Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, Iran and more recently Somalia, Iraq, Nigeria and Afghanistan as well as an increasing number of European Muslims including English converts.  [1]  Within these national backgrounds are a host of further ethnic divisions. For example, within the British Pakistani Muslim population there are Kashmiris, Punjabis, Sindhis and Pathans (Dahya, 2004: 77). Even further, many differentiate themselves based on Biraderi or clan, so that within the British Paksitani-Kashmiri Muslim population, there are Chaudaries, Rajputs, Kumars, Mistries and others. Such divisions based on Biraderi can heavily inform day to day rela tionships, marital and business partnerships as well as political allegiances (Shaw, 2000: 137). Within the wider framework of the British Muslim population there are strong denominational differences. There are the more widely known differences between Sunni and Shia Islam and the classical differences between the Hanafi, Shafii, Maliki and Hanbali Sunni schools of law. Then there are relatively recent denominational sects such as the Wahabi, the Deobandi, the Barelwi, the Ahl-e-Hadith as well as various Sufi brands of Islam (Raza 1993). Amongst British Muslims there are newly arrived immigrants, second and third generation immigrants whose parents and grandparents were born in the UK as well as indigenous converts to Islam whose ancestors came to the UK hundreds of years ago. On top of all these wide ranging attributes we must include the full spectrum of practicing and non-practicing Muslims, beginning with the very practicing for whom Islam is a complete way of life that informs every decision he/she makes, and ending with those for whom Islam is a mere relic of an ancient heritage, no longer important in contemporary life. In addition, socio-economic status can play a decisive role in the formation of identity within Muslim communities. Ansari notes that middle and upper-middle class Jordanians, Lebanese, Palestinians and Syrians appear to possess more multiplex relations with each other than with their own working-class compatriots (Ansari, 2004: 3). With all of these multifaceted differences it is clear that the term British-Muslim is one that is extremely complex and any accurate picture of the typical British-Muslim must be absent of colour, ethnicity, nationality, socio-economic status, political or denominational affiliation. However, one may then wonder, that despite such disparate and potentially conflicting sub-identities, how this term British-Muslim he come to be used so commonly among social scientists, academics, policy makers and the mass me dia. The next part of the essay discusses how, to a significant degree, many Muslims in the UK have overcome these internal differences and increasingly represent themselves as a united group of British-Muslims. Over the past few decades there has been heightened awareness and a greater level of self-representation of a British-Muslim identity among all sectors of Muslims in Britain. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, despite the vast array of varying cultures from which Muslims in the UK descend, Islam as a religion has inculcated a high degree of cultural uniformity across all regions in which it has spread. In the Development of Islamic Ritual, nineteen authors explore different aspects of Islamic ritual that are observed and performed through the Islamic world including the ritual performance of prayer 5 times a day, pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca and fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.  [2]  Many Muslims learn Arabic as a common language, share common names, use the same form of greeting and have the same dietary prohibitions. In recent years, the wearing of the Islamic headscarf has been adopted by females from a diverse range of ethnic and national background s as a powerful and expressive form of Muslim identity. In Why the French Dont like Headscarves, Bowen argues that for many Muslim women, the wearing of the Islamic headscarf is a conscious and deliberate display of Muslim identity that promotes social solidarity and community consciousness amongst the Muslim population. Thus, despite wide variances in the way Muslims from different backgrounds dress, there are numerous outward markers of Islamic identity that bind together disparate groups, whether they be in the performance of Islamic rituals or the wearing of Islamic clothing. Secondly, there has been a consistent drive from leaders amongst Muslims in the UK to form organisations representing Muslims at a national and international level. Mandaville (2003) argues that the media plays a key role in the development of British-Muslim identity, catering to second and third generation Muslims in the UK creating a public space in which issues relating to citizenship and belonging can be discussed. In Imagined Communities, Anderson argues that the invention of the printing press and the subsequent production of literature in vernacular languages across different regions of Europe helped to solidify nationalist sentiments by creating a sense of imagined community amongst those of the same linguistic background. Similarly, the growing British-Muslim media industry promotes a greater consciousness of Muslims from different backgrounds within the UK. The satellite TV channels named above cut across cultural, national and ethnic boundaries and serve as a unifying plat form of dialogue, news coverage and religious transmission heightening a sense of imagined community amongst Muslims in the UK.   ADD STUFF FROM MANDAVILLE and CESSARI Thirdly, despite the differences between the range of backgrounds from which Muslims in the UK originate, there are certain common interests which have brought together disparate groups of Muslims to lobby the government at a local and national level. For example, in 1994, Muslims in the UK launched the Halal Food Authority, an organisation to monitor and authenticate the halal meat and poultry trade in the UK, a service pushed for by Muslims from all backgrounds. Several arbitration tribunals, such as the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal, have been set up around to provide Muslims in the UK with legally binding dispute resolution mechanisms based on Islamic Sharia principles on family matters, inheritance and various commercial and debt disputes. During the outbreak of the Iraq War in 2003, much of the frustration felt by Muslims in the UK towards the government was channelled through peaceful protest facilitated by organisations such as the Muslim Council of Britain and Muslims of all b ackgrounds galvanised to speak with a louder and more unified Muslim voice. Such initiatives have required cross-cultural co-operation to achieve common aspirations amongst Muslims in the UK. Furthermore, Muslims in the UK have rallied together to show solidarity against perceived threats towards their community both nationally and worldwide. Samad (1996) and Saeed (1999) view the mobilisation of a British-Muslim identity as a response to the public devaluation and disparagement of Muslims that has lead to increased in-group solidarity. According to Ansari, the publication of the Satanic Verses (1988) and the first Gulf-War (1991) meant Muslims, more than ever, came to be imagined as outsiders, excluded from the essential notions of Britishness which, steeped in nostalgia, continued to be perceived as homogenous, Christian, white and rooted in past centuries (Ansari, 2004: 1). Such feelings of exclusion strengthened during the conflict in Boznia-Herzegovina (1993-1996), the War on Afghanistan (2001 to present), the War on Iraq (2003 to present), the publication of the cartoons depicted the prophet Mohammed (2005), EU immigration, asylum, race and security polices, includi ng the Terrorism Act 2006, which target Europes Muslim communities (Fekete 2009), the continuous demonization of Muslims in the media (Poole 2002, Gottschalk 2007) as well as Islamaphobia on a street level, which have all contributed towards a defensiveness among Muslims in the UK and a sense of common hardship. Ballard (1996) argues that that the increasing self-identification of second and third generation Pakistanis as Muslim is a reaction to their external rejection by the White majority and it is religion rather than ethnicity that takes prominence because it is the Muslim aspect of their identity which they feel is under attack. Thus, the increased ascendency of the Muslim aspect of a highly complex individual identity among some Muslims in the UK can be partly explained as a defensive reaction to perceived external threats. Moreover, Archer (2001) and Hopkins (2006) have argued that the transcendence of a British-Muslim identity above an ethnic or national based identity among young Muslims in the UK can be partly explained through an analysis of gender stereotypes and the performance of masculinity and femininity. Archer (2001) argues that young men construct a strong Muslim identity to counteract stereotypes of a weaker passive Pakistani or Bangladeshi identity and that talk of violence, action and hardness through religious idealism and martyrdom, drawing inspiration from ancient tales of Islamic conquest and bravery, can be seen as evoking a particular form of Muslim masculinity. Further, Archer argues that Islam provides a channel, whether scripturally legitimate or not, for men to discuss and define female behaviours as un-Islamic and thus an Islamic identity is expedient for the control and domination of women. Conversely, Akram-Nadwi demonstrates in Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam, t hat Islam has for many generations, provided an avenue for female empowerment as an escape from the culture-bound patriarchy.  [3]  In Women and Islam: Images and Realities, Moghissi (ed.) expound upon the highly complex multifaceted realities of Islam, gender and female empowerment, revealing how both women and men selectively appropriate elements of Islamic doctrine in order to maximise their own empowerment within the scope of their circumstances. The politics of gender has made at least some contribution to the ascendency of a Muslim identity above ethnic or national identity for the UKs Muslim population. Finally, Muslim identity is used as an act of empowerment and to promote sense of belonging to an international body of people. Glynns study of Bengali Muslims in London (2002) shows that Islam provides young Muslims a positive alternative to the drug-culture to which they are exposed to within inner-cities. He writes the growing polarity between the drug culture and Islam is often remarked on. Islamic brotherhood is a potent antidote to alienationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Islam is something to be proud of, with a great history and international presence as well as religious promises of future glory, which can all transport its followers from the grey confines of the inner city (Glynn, 2002: 975). Through Islam, many Muslims obtain a sense of purpose, direction, history and belonging to a community broader than the narrowly restricted confines of their own neighbourhoods. Islam has also been used as a tool for empowerment within the family context. Macey (1999) suggests that Islamic prohibitio n on forced marriage is used by young Pakistanis in the UK to challenge parental pressures. Further, Islam is used to justify inter-racial marital relationships and to challenge the emphasis placed on colour, caste and ethnicity found in many cultural practices. Through Islam, many young Muslims in the UK find internal empowerment and tools to challenge parents and communities. For all of these reasons, a British-Muslim identity has emerged to unite disparate groups of people from a wide range of ethnic and national backgrounds. That there are Muslims in the UK is a fact, but the idea of a strong British-Muslim identity has only relatively recently come in to fruition and begun to assert itself. However, while many Muslims in the UK increasingly subscribe to this identity, it is not yet clear what it means to be a British-Muslim. We are now entering into the period in which the definitional boundaries of the British-Muslim identity are being constructed. In this period, competing fo rces, both internal and external to the British Muslim population, are actively contesting the details of the identity, pushing forward varying images of what a British-Muslim is supposed to be. A key arena in which this contest is taking place is in relation to radical extremism.    In light of these discussions, the next part of the essay will focus on radical extremism and the British-Muslim identity. In the aftermath of the 9/11 terror attacks in New York and the 7/7 bombing in London, much work has gone in to identifying the root causes of how a Muslim, born and raised in the UK, could be brought to take his own life and the lives of others with the sole aim of creating maximum devastation within his home country. Rather than limiting research to the exploration of the potential psychopathic tendencies of those individuals responsible for the terror atrocities, much research has suggested that the terror attacks were symptoms of deep rooted nation-wide problems with British-Muslim identity as a whole. It is alleged that such problems are responsible for the creation of radical extremist mentalities, broadly regarded as mentalities that foster violent hostility towards aspects of the British state. It is within this context that efforts by the UK Government t o prevent violent extremism operate. In order to better understand this context, it is necessary to explore how the perceived problems with British-Muslim identity have come to be associated with radical extremism. In Radical Islam Rising: Muslim Extremism in the West, Wiktorowicz provides a detailed study of Al-Muhajiroun, a UK based organisation aspiring towards the re-establishment of an Islamic Caliphate through both non-violent and violent means.  [4]  Al-Muhajiroun are a banned organisations in the UK under the Terrorism Act 2006 for glorification of terrorism. Wiktorowicz argues that Muslims in the UK who join this group are initially inspired by a cognitive opening which provides individuals with a willingness to expose them to the ethos of the organisation. This cognitive opening takes the form of an internal identity crisis that causes the individual to question what it means to be a Muslim in a non-Muslim society. Wiktorowicz suggests that one of the key triggers to this type of identity crisis is an individuals perception that Muslims are not accepted by British society. It would follow therefore that perceptions of discrimination would precipitate feelings of not belonging to B ritish society and leave an individual vulnerable to the message and ideology of organisations such as Al-Muhajiroun. Maxwells study of the 2003 Home Office Citizenship Survey revealed that according to the survey, there was no significant relationship between an individuals socio-economic well being and their perceptions of being discriminated against on the whole. However, the analysis showed that young university students were more likely than others to perceive that they were being discriminated against, despite being socially and economically better off than those who either could not afford or were otherwise unable to attend university. Wiktorowicz writes the experience of both racial and religious discrimination has prompted some young Muslims to think about their identity and how they fit into British society. This is particularly true of young university students who suffer from a sense of blocked social mobility (Wiktorowicz, 2005 :56).   According to this theory, it is frustration at being unable to accomplish what the individual perceives as being rightfully theirs that results in a heightened sense of alienation. This alienation provides some individuals with the cognitive opening necessary for joining organisations such as Al-Muhajiroun. An alternative theory suggests that young university students are more likely to perceive greater levels of discrimination due to knowledge acquired within the university environment. Taji-Fourakis work on Hizb-at-Tahrir (1996), another organisation aiming towards the establishment of an Islamic caliphate, suggests that the main appeal of Hizb-at-Tahrir for young university students is the organisations intellectual sophistication. University environments provide young Muslims the tools to research and debate issues relating to injustices of European colonisation and the partitions of the current Islamic world, giving some individuals the impetus to question their own place within the wider framework of interna tional political identities. Fouraki suggests that Hizb-at-Tahrir are able to capitalise on such thought processes and provide an avenue for such individuals to channel their grievances in a way that provides them with an opportunity to be a part of the supposed re-assertion of superiority of the Islamic world. According to these analyses, issues of identity play in to some individuals feelings of inferiority and rejection by the dominant host society. Such feelings provoke hostility, particularly among young highly educated Muslims, and lead to individuals wanting to become part of a greater force capable of retaliation towards the UK Government and institutions.  Ã‚   Herriots (2007) work on social identity theory suggests that people join groups and internalise the groups identity for two main reasons. The first reason is to fulfil the human need for self-esteem. Herriot suggests that many of those attracted to organisations such as Al-Muhajiroun and Hizb-at-Tahrir are those potentially lacking in a sense of dignity, acceptance or approval from the wider society. As such, some individuals substitute a divine power in place of society as the source of their self-esteem, finding dignity and validation in the performance of that which is understood to be gods will. The second reason is to fulfil the human need for certainty. Again, such organisations provide members with defined beliefs, values and norms, with the weight and authority of ancient and sacred texts that provide clear guidelines on what should and should not be done. Further, Herriot argues that the process of internalising a groups identity leads to the loss of an individual sense of s elf in favour of acting in accordance with the definition of identity provided by the category to which they belong. He writes individuals then behave as group members. Their actions are those of, for example, a radical Muslim or a born-again Christian. They are no longer those of Mohammed Atta or Howard Ahmanson as unique individuals with personal identities, but rather those same persons as members of categories to which they perceive themselves to belong (Herriot, 2007: 30). The individual is then less concerned about the elevation of the ego and more concerned about the advancement of the organisation as a whole. From this perspective, it is perhaps easier to understand why the actions of some members belonging to such organisations may seem self-deprecating or counterproductive to the individuals status or security, or even, as was the case with the 7/7 bombers, suicidal. Such explanations of the processes by which individuals join radical extremist organisations attribute blame to problems associated with British-Muslim identity. It is suggested that many Muslims in the UK struggle to find a social identity among the mainstream population in which they feel a sense of dignity, self-esteem and belonging and therefore resort to a competing identity which defines itself in opposition to the mainstream. It is within this context that the UK Governments policy directive towards preventing violent extremism finds justification for direct intervention in to the construction of British-Muslim identity. The rationale of such intervention supposes that violent extremism is caused by deep-rooted issues with the way in which Muslims in the UK conceptualise their belonging to British society. As such, the prevention of violent extremism requires intervention to neutralise such complications and promote a greater sense of belonging to British values, beliefs and p ractices among British Muslims. The manifestation of the UK Governments decision to intervene in the construction of British-Muslim identity is the PVE Fund. Chapter One analysed the construction of a British-Muslim identity, identifying the process by which a hugely diverse range of people from different backgrounds increasingly subscribe to this identity. The perceived problems associated with this identity provided a pretext for government intervention in to the British-Muslim identity through the PVE Fund and related measures to prevent violent extremism

Misconception in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus Rex Essays

Misconception in Oedipus the King In many plays a character has a misconception of his her self and/or his or her world. When this misconception is destroyed it can be a major turning point in the story. "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles is one such story. In the story Oedipus has such a misconception where he thinks he has a good life, but really his life is morally wrong. This contributes to the theme or themes of the play when they serve as the defining climax of the story. When the misconception is stopped Oedipus sees that you cannot escape or change your past, but you can still do great things even if you have been evil or immoral in your life. When Oedipus was born it was prophesied that he would kill his father and marry his mother. His father naturally feared this and told a shepard to take the boy out and kill him when he was still a child. The kind old shepard could not bring himself to kill a innocent little boy so he gave him to a passing messenger to take as his own. When Oedipus was older he learned of this prophecy and left home because he loved his foster father who he believed to be his real father. A while after he ran away he traveling down a road when he saw a coach coming. It contained his true father, King Laios of Thebes and his bodyguards. When they almost ran him over Oedipus attacked them killing the bodyguards and his father, thinking that they were highway bandits, and by doing so he unwittingly fulfilled the prophecy. When he realizes this he is devastated. This really contributes to the theme, that you cannot escape your past. The fact that he killed a king and his father no less, is a major factor in his exile later in the story. When he discovers that King Laios was his real father he sees that by not running away that he could have prevented this whole catastrophe. This just goes to show that hindsight is always 20/20, Oedipus saw this and realized his mistake. Him realizing that he cannot go back and change his past is also a big

JHCP STOCK ANALYSIS REPORT :: essays research papers

JHCP CO. STOCK ANALYSIS REPORT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear Investor: New York City, NY. Based J. Holla Cell phone CO. is rapidly emerging as one of America’s most respected manufacturers and distributors of precision made cell phone products. Low cost cell phones for application in business, commercial, and consumers cell phone markets nationwide. JHCP is posting exceptional revenue gains while implementing a host of new and refined core strategies that have successfully eliminated over $ 9 million in corporate debt, dramatically improved efficiencies and set the stage for accelerated growth and earning well into the future. Since its inception, JHCP has gained impressive market share in a high demand industry. For ten consecutive years the market for cell phone has grown at an unprecedented rate of 50% per season. With no signs of slowing down, industry analysts predict this trend will continue through the current year and gain further momentum. With high volume capacity and a wide range of mainstream products. JHCP is positioned at the fore-front of this burgeoning market. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS JHCP is in excellent financial health, with a solid balance sheet and strong and growing cash flow. Equipped with an established and expanding customer base and a full complement of precision cell phone products, JHCP is ideally positioned to capitalize on the surging nationwide demand for cost effective cell products. The company’s current growth program through the year of 2009 is expected to dramatically boost corporate revenues and earnings and make JHCP into a powerful national cell phone manufacturer and provider. Based on the company’s impressive reported growth rate over the past twenty months and current expansion campaign, J. Holla Cell phone (OTCBB: JHCP) is considered one of the top emerging growth issues for 2003. RECENT NEWS Recently a second export shipment of cell phones to the Caribbean which completes a 600,000 round order. Our efforts to expand are paying off. REASONS TO BUY THIS STOCK 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  JHCP strongly positioned in multi-billion dollar national market for cost effective technology. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  JHCP emerging as one of the well recognized and respected manufacturers and distributors of high precision, low cost cell phone products.

Hydrogen: The Best Alternative Energy Source Essay -- Hydrogen, An En

Since the human were created, they have always been depending on an external energy source. Before the use of fossil fuel was discovered, people used the sun as their main external energy source. The sun provides heat, light, and photosynthesis for food that the humans and animals need to make their work energy. And it also affects wind and water motion that the humans also use to make power to do heavy work. When the use of fossil fuels was discovered, it enabled the industrial revolution to begin in the early 19th century. And it also made the growth of human population, technologies, and wealth. Since then, the human use the fossil fuels as their main external energy source. That period could well be renamed as the energy revolution. But if we continuously use the fossil fuels as the energy, it will bring a big problem for the human in the future. It is because the continuously use of the fossil fuel threatens our world energy supply and also makes a lot of negative effects to our environment. The world’s demand for energy is predicted to double by 2050 in response to the population growth and the industrialization of developing countries. The supply of fossil fuels is limited by its finite amount within the earth and it will soon become expire if we continuously use it. The longevity of the fossil fuel energy supply is reduced by the energy consumed through its conversion to a suitable energy form in which human use. While global oil and gas reserves are concentrated in a few regions of the world, demand is growing everywhere. As a result of that, the supply of energy for the world in the future is difficult to assure. Beside that, the use of fossil fuels is not good and risks the human’s health. I t is because t... ...More research, attempt, time, and money are needed to actualize the use of hydrogen as the world’s future energy sources. Works Cited Braun, Harry W. The Phoenix Project: Shifting form Oil to Hydrogen. Phoenix: SPI Publications & Productions, 2000. Crabtree, George W., Mildred S. Dresselhaus, and Michelle V. Buchanan. "The Hydrogen Economy." Dec 2004. 12 Oct 2005 . Gorman, Jessica. "Hydrogen: The Next Generation." 12 Oct 2002. 12 Oct 2005 . "Hydrogen Topics." 04 Oct. 2005. U.S. Department of Energy. 12 Oct. 2005 . Weisz, Paul B. "Basic Choices and Constraints on Long−Term Energy Supplies." July 2004. 12 Oct 2005 .

Why Does Bartleby Refuse the Aid of the Lawyer?

Herman Melville’s Bartleby the Scrivener is a confusing work of literature. Some researchers think that in the story Melville described himself. Some others think that this is because of madness that Bartleby behaves so weird and finally, dies. In reality, Bartleby refuses to check some copies, but that cannot mean he is mad.On the contrary, he chooses this himself. He chooses how to live his life and how to behave. Many people think his life is utopian. Many people also cannot understand why he behaves this way. Melville tries to prove that Bartleby has his principles and cannot betray them.That is why he refuses to accept aid from the Lawyer because he thinks that this aid will destroy his principles and his life. Of course, every person has his principles, and that does not mean that every person is mad. On the contrary, people who have their principles cannot be mad. They are reasonable and conscious, even when their ideas seem to be utopian. â€Å"The utopian spirit as w e have been discussing it, is revealed through the written words of men who were critical of the world they lived in and dreamers of a better world† (Anonymous). And Bartleby, too, sees the world with a critical eye.On the one hand, he does not want to accept this world as he sees it. On the other hand and because he cannot accept this world as he sees it, he also creates his own world. This world is very comfortable to him, and Bartleby does not want anyone to interfere. â€Å"His face was leanly composed; his gray eye dimly calm. Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him. Had there been the least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his manner; in other words, had there been any thing ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises† (Melville).Melville describes Bartleby as a very calm and balanced person. When he refuses to check the copies he does not show that is he worried or disturbed. He sees that the Lawyer is getting very angry and disturbed. He also sees that the Lawyer is becoming very irritated. If Bartleby were insane, he would not be able to preserve balance and calmness. If he were insane he would be more emotional with the Lawyer. Moreover, he is very confident that his principles of life are very correct. If he were not that confident, he would not make the Lawyer so much curious about himself.He would not be able to be so calm and to defend his principles. When he answers the Lawyer’s questions he does not lose his patience, because he knows that his principles are the best and that he has the right to use these principles in his life. He also knows that the Lawyer cannot break these principles. When he defends them he seems solid like a stone. But he also fears of losing these principles and his stability. That is why he does not want to answer the Lawyer’s questions: â€Å"Will you tell me, Bartleby, where you were born?– I would prefer not to. â€⠀œ Will you tell me anything about yourself? – I would prefer not to† (Melville). It is very probable that Bartleby has his own theory of life. He knows that the Lawyer wants to help him, but he also knows that if he accepts this aid, he will not be able to live as he lived before. He will not be able to protect his principles from the Lawyer. The story about Bartleby shows how difficult it is for a person to be successful. It is a material world. It values farms, goods, estates, and other material things.Unfortunately, â€Å"the ways of trade are grown selfish to the borders of theft, and supple to the borders of fraud. The employments of commerce are not intrinsically unfit for a man, or less genial to his faculties, but these are now in their general course so vitiated by derelictions and abuses at which all connive, [†¦] that nothing is left him but to begin the world anew†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Emerson). That is why to avoid these problems Bartleby creates his own wo rld. In this world he has no obligations. He can do what he wants. He can refuse checking the copies. He can refuse working.He can also refuse leaving the office. This world is very different from the one in which we live. Still, this is the world in which Bartleby wants to live. Bartleby does not have a house; he does not speak about his past; he does not speak of anything at all and spends all his time at the Lawyer’s office at Wall Street. One day he refuses to fulfill his working obligations. He is not willing to leave the office; nor is he willing to leave the Lawyer. Unfortunately, no one can understand Bartleby. Everyone thinks he is insane. For this reason, he becomes a vagrant and soon dies.But what can happen if some day Bartleby decided not to refuse the Lawyer’s aid? Would this aid help Bartleby return to the normal world? No, it would not, but would make it more difficult for Bartleby to defend his principles. If he accepted the aid, he would also have to accept all other norms of the modern world. However, because Bartleby is so active and brave in his wish to protect his principles and his life, he influences and changes everyone around him: â€Å"Somehow, of late I had got into the way of involuntary using this word ‘prefer’ upon all sorts of not exactly suitable occasions.And I trembled to think that my contact with the scrivener had already and seriously affected me in a mental way† (Melville). That is why Bartleby’s behavior is not because of his madness but because of his strength and power, which he uses to live. When he refuses the Lawyer’s aid he also builds a wall between himself and the rest of the world. He does not want the Lawyer to become a part of his world. He is an idealist. His world is utopian.Many of us would want to live the life in the same way, but not all of us would be able to protect their principles from influence. Conclusion Herman Melville’s Bartleby the Scrivene r is one of the most confusing works of literature. On the one hand, readers cannot understand who Bartleby is, who he was, and who he wants to be. On the other hand, everything we read about Bartleby looks like the story about a mad man. In reality, it is not madness, and Bartleby himself chose his life and his principles.Moreover, he wants to protect his life and his principles from anyone’s influence. That is why he refuses to accept the Lawyer’s aid, because he is afraid that the aid will destroy his principles, his life, and the world he has created for himself. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"About Utopia and Utopian Literature. † Emerson, R. W. â€Å"Man the Reformer. † A Lecture Read Before the Mechanics’ Apprentices’ Library Association, Boston, January 25, 1841. Melville, H. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street. † Virginia Commonwealth University, 1853.

Mind/Body Problem Essay

The mind/body problem is the problem of specifying the relationship between the mind and body. Before further explanation of this issue, it is important to fully understand each term as it is being used throughout this paper. The mind, as I will call it, is representational of the consciousness of an individual. This is to say that the part of a person which determines will and choice, the experiences and sensations are collectively referred to as mind. The body, at times more specifically, the brain, denotes the physical aspects of a person. This is inclusive of the physical mass, neurons responsiveness to stimuli, and physical location. Now, with a more complete understanding of mind and body, one is able to return to the issue of the relationship concerning the two. One way to view this subject is to think of it as defining the relationship of mental states and brain (neural) states. While philosophers have not reached a definitive explanation to this issue, the years have provided ample time for a few prominent theories to develop. It may be thought that science could provide an answer to our problem, though this is not the case. While science may give us insight to different functions of brain states that correlate to mental processes, it does not definitely prove how they are related or why. This can be explained through the point of view perception. Science can give a clear understanding of how the brain functions; it can paint a rich picture of the inputs and outputs. Science may also have the ability to explain what feelings and emotions are. For example, it may be able to explain biting into a summer peach and describe the taste. However, science cannot experience the way a summer peach tastes to me, as an individual. It cannot feel the way I do whenever I think about my mother. This is the difference in the third person perspective (the only one that science is truly able to offer) and the first person perspective of the individual actually experiencing the situation. While it seems as though there is a causal relationship between the mind and body, meaning that the mind affects the body and the body has an effect on the mind, the question still remains as to how this interaction functions and why. It is at this point that philosophers provide different solutions to these questions. The dualist perspective offers that the mind and body are two completely distinct ontological entities, whether in composition, function, or interaction. Conversely, the physicalist argues that the mind and body are both explainable in physical terms because there is nothing more to this world than the physical aspects. This is to say that the mind is of the same stuff as the body because in fact, they are the same. The mind is simply a process of the physical brain. Frank Jackson utilizes a mind experiment in his writing, What Mary Didn’t Know to challenge this thought of physicalism. Jackson asks his readers to imagine a woman named Mary who is confined to a black and white room. She is taught through a black and white screen everything that there is to know about the physical nature of the world. According to physicalism, she knows all there is to know. However, one day Mary is taken outside of the black and white room. At this time, she will learn what it is like to see and experience the color red. According to Jackson, Mary learns something new; something above and beyond all of her physical knowledge of the world. If this is the case, that would result in the fact that there are some things in the world that are not physical things. Jackson’s argument may be structured in a way that clearly defines his point. Mary knows everything physical there is to know about other people. Mary does not know everything there is to know about other people. It follows that there are truths about other people that escape the physicalist’s story. Utilizing the knowledge argument, Jackson asserts that because Mary learned what experiencing the color red is like, that she learned something new and gained knowledge about something outside the physicalist’s argument. This, in Jackson’s perspective, discredits physicalism because if while in the black and white room Mary knows every physical fact, then she must know everything. However, by gaining a new experience and learning something outside of the room, then there are things that cannot be explained physically. Jackson argues that learning on a black and white screen isn’t enough to learn about mental life. It is not enough to learn about the qualia of experiences. These qualia refer to the individual qualitative feelings of an experience. For example, what tasting a ripe summer peach is actually like to experience. Therefore there must be something more to the story. Taking a different view, Colin McGinn offers his perspective on the mind/body problem in his writing, Can we Solve the Mind—Body Problem? McGinn suggests that no, we cannot solve the mind/body problem and therein lies our solution- that we should not be worried about this issue because we will never be able to solve it. McGinn maps out several reasons to support his conclusion. He begins by explaining why previous attempts of explanation have failed to clarify the mind/body problem. McGinn states that previous arguments use one of two tactics. The first is to resort to the use of supernatural means. McGinn says that this is just as â€Å"extreme as the problem†, meaning that proving this premise is just as difficult as the conclusion it is designed to support. Furthermore, he says that other arguments employ the use of explaining mental states through physical properties of the brain. This proves problematic as well. McGinn offers a different avenue, it is what he calls, cognitive closure. He believes that there is a natural explanation for the way in which the mind and body interact with each other but that we, as humans, are closed to its explanation. He proposes his argument in this way: Human minds are similar to biological bodies in which that they have different levels of capacity and cognitive capability. Even though a mind may not possess the cognitive ability to understand a concept, this would not imply that the concept is untrue. He uses the example of the light spectrum. While humans can only view a small portion of the light spectrum, it does not discount the other levels. The same principle may be applied here. Furthermore, an idea may be completely cognitively closed if there is no possibility of any mind being able to understand it. However, the same standard of its truth value remains. McGinn argues that the mind/body problem is an issue that is completely cognitively closed to humans. Therefore, no matter what advancements in science or technology that may occur, it will still never be enough to understand the mind/body problem. This should give humans some peace of mind. McGinn says that there should be not need to worry about solving an issue that can never be solved. Keeping McGinn’s paradigm of thought in mind, once again consider Jackson’s article, What Mary didn’t know. While Jackson seems to offer a strong argument, McGinn may object to it on the basis of his first premise. If the human mind is cognitively closed to certain levels of knowledge, then it is impossible for Mary to learn everything there is to know in her black and white room. In fact, it does not matter where Mary receives her learning, she will never gain complete knowledge. Her limit would reach the level of knowledge in which her brain is cognitively open to her. While it is true that Mary would have the knowledge of everything that humans could possibly understand; she still is not all-knowing. By denying Jackson’s first premise, it renders his argument invalid.

Brand Essence Colgate Essay

The company chose for this assignment is Colgate. Colgate is a division of the Colgate-Palmolive brand that produces soaps, detergents and oral hygiene products. Colgate focuses on oral hygiene and is a maker of toothpaste and toothbrushes. Started in 1806 by William Colgate as a soap and candle company. When William died in 1857, his soon took over. In 1837, Colgate introduced their first toothpaste and was the first to introduce toothpaste in a tube. In 1928 Palmolive-Peet bought Colgate and in 1953 the name changed to Colgate-Palmolive (Colgate-Palmolive, 2012). Today Colgate is one of the leading manufacturers of toothpaste, with Procter & Gamble as their main competition. Competitive Factor While in 1992 Colgate was the leader in oral hygiene products, toothbrush competitors emerged as the obsession with oral health increased. Colgate has several big competitors that produce products that are potentially more advanced or incorporate mouthwash into toothpaste, creating new features. The pairing of Crest with Scope lead to competition for Colgate. The pairing of Oral B with dentists gave them the dentist recommendation lead. (Priestley, 2011) Consumer behaviour is constantly changing, and new technology is emerging, therefore competitors might be offering promotions. Environmental Factor Customers are finally starting to get informed about oral health and the importance of gum disease. Colgate has to be informed and constantly innovate themselves with new technologies in order to keep up with customer knowledge and needs. Other countries are also unaware of the importance of oral health, therefore the company should target them in order to become the leader in oral care. A social challenge is the market is growing with competitors and as research on oral care increases, so do the people’s expectations and needs. There is many family demographics, therefore the company should have products for people’s different needs, such as sensitivity, gums, whitening. The products should also range from child oral health to elderly sensitivity. A technological challenge for Colgate is the lack of interesting advertising. There is much more advertising in media for Crest, Sensodyne and other competitors. They use commercials, print ads, social media to attract their consumers, where as Colgate uses few advertisements and has commercials that are seen as boring. Competitors also have a diversity of products and variety for individual consumer needs. Crest and Aquafresh have developed foaming gel toothpastes that are new and different, while Colgate still lacks these new additions. A legal challenge for Colgate is its past history with a recall in 2011 (Health Canada, 2011). The company recalled the â€Å"Colgate Motion Electric Toothbrush†, which was a recent event. This could affect the company’s reputation and drive the consumers to look at other competitors when choosing their products. Consumer Factor While the bargaining power of buyers is low, consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of oral health and the leading competitors present. After the 1990s the baby boomers became concerned with their gums, therefore toothbrush companies improved their technology and formed alliances with dental professionals (Priestley, 2011). As customer demands grow and they seek variety in their toothpaste and toothbrushes that are up to par with oral health research, Colgate might have to update its products and technology. Economical Factor The industry is broken down by price and by category of therapeutic and cosmetic. If the economy shifts and the country experiences inflation, it will impact the businesses running and the product (Ali, 2012). With the current poor economy in many countries, sales might decrease, or customers might choose cheaper competitors in order to compensate.

Song of Myself

In Walt Whitman’s poem Leaves of Grass, first published in 1855, the poet explores themes of the idea of the self, the recognition of self in relation to other people and the poet’s connection nature and the universe. For example, Whitman’s use of tangible objects such as the houses and the rooms symbolize the society. Another example is his use the perfume which embodies the self of one being; lastly, he use the atmosphere to describe the entire self. For Whitman, the self is regarded as mystical and remains constant throughout life. The self includes thoughts, experiences, conscious and subconscious states, and the individual’s spirituality. The theory of self is important in Whitman’s work because it is where his intellect and art is reflected. Walt Whitman sees the self as an individual and also as nature or the entire universe. The poet wants to preserve his own self while fusing with the entire universe. This means that the poet recognizes his need to associate with others and to commune with God. His reference to sex is a metaphor for spiritual experience. The poet’s pleasure stems both from the physical and the spiritual. Whitman demonstrates his individualistic style in â€Å"Song of Myself†. I consider it as one of the greatest poems I’ve read. His experiment with words is just breath taking. As one reads through his verses, one is lost in trance through his vivid imagery. The poem opens with the celebration of the self. The poet rejoices with the experience of communing with the universe as described in Section I lines 1-9: â€Å"I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.  I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air, Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same, I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin, Hoping to cease not till death†. In section 2 of the poem, Walt Whitman asserts his independence from society and at the same time declaring his connection with nature. â€Å"Houses and rooms are full of   perfume†, as stated in line 1 of section 2; the perfume is a representation of the individual selves and the atmosphere denotes the universe. The poet is enticed to be with the other selves but he wants to keep his freedom and independence. The poet delights in experiencing all of his five senses. His use of his sight, his hearing, his taste, his smell and his touch gives him an intoxicating pleasure.  Sections 3 and 4 of the poem, the poet reproaches the â€Å"talkers†, the â€Å"trippers† and the â€Å"askers† for discussing things that is of shallow importance. Whitman describes his spiritual communion with God in section 5 of the poem by stating, â€Å"And I know that the promise of God is the promise of my own, And I know that the spirit of God is the brother of my own†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In section 6 of the poem, a child asks the poet â€Å"What is the grass?† The poet stops and thinks and finally explains that the â€Å"grass† is a metaphor for life and death. The grass grows and eventually dries up and dies. In section 7 of the poem, the poet describes his universal nature. The universal self discovers that he is surrounded by everything good and he is a part of them. In sections 8-16, the poet depicts everything he encounters, genders, all young and old alike, people from different places. He is drawn to them and he considers himself as one of them. The poet acknowledges his similarity with mankind as illustrated by section 17. The poet addresses the entire humanity from section 18-19.   In sections 20-25, Whitman expresses his divine experience by the fusion of the physical reality and universal reality. The poet listens to everything around him as depicted in Section 26. The poet is amazed by the sense of touch and what joy it brings to him as it is described in section 27-30 where he asks â€Å"Is this then a touch? Quivering me to a new identity†. The poet believes that all small things are essential. He cites that â€Å"a leaf of grass is no less than the journey-work of the stars†, as portrayed in sections 31-33. The poet makes reference to every person in existence and the ones who died; he also gives an account of his experiences in the history of America (Section 34-36). He further explains in sections 37-38 that through his connection to all things dead and living, he feels empowered by the experience. Sections 39-41 states that the poet is transformed to a hero that he would save people from falling he would stop â€Å"the descending man from and raise him with resistless will†¦/By God you shall not go down! hang your whole weight upon me†. In section 41, the poet accepts religion as universal. He believes that all men are divine. Whitman sees the inequality, injustice and corruption in society as described by section 42. The poet embraces all religion as explained in section 43. The idea of death and eternity is expressed in sections 44-49. He explains that everything will eventually unite with God in the end. Whitman feels that there is something greater than death and yet he could not explain it as cited on section 50 of the poem. Finally, in sections 51-52, the poet bids farewell â€Å"The past and present wilt—I have fill’d them, emptied them, /And proceed to fill my next fold of the future†¦Missing me one place search another, /I stop somewhere waiting for you.† Walt Whitman believed that the poet has a role of exposing the truth by using his poems. The use of metaphors not only enhances the reader’s imagination but also becomes an eye opener. It makes a person stop and think. It creates a sort of awakening of the senses that may not be seen, heard or felt before. Works Cited Whitman, Walt. â€Å"Song of Myself†. Leaves of Grass. New York: Bantam Books, 1998.