Carter Surname Meaning and Origin

Carter Surname Meaning and Origin CARTER Surname Meaning Origin: Carter is an English occupational name for the transporter of goods by cart or wagon. From the Anglo-Norman French caretier, a derivative of Old French caret which originally meant carrier. Another possible derivation comes from cairtear, a Gaelic term for tourist or sojourner. Carter is the 46th most popular surname in the United States and the 54th most common surname in England. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: MCCARTER, CARTIER Famous People with the Surname CARTER: Jimmy Carter - 39th president of the United StatesHoward Carter - British Egyptologist and archaeologist, famous for the discovery of King Tuts tomb Genealogy Resources for the Surname CARTER: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? CARTER Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Carter surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Carter query. FamilySearch - CARTER GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Carter surname and its variations. CARTER Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Carter surname. Cousin Connect - CARTER Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Carter, and sign up for free notification when new Carter queries are added. DistantCousin.com - CARTER Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Carter. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay Example

A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay Example A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay A Brief History Of Internal Auditing In Mauritius Accounting Essay Nowadays, it is going progressively hard to disregard the construct of Internal Audit in the concern universe. Among the well known definitions of IA, there is the Institute of Internal Auditors ( IIA ) ( 2009 ) which defined it as: An independent, nonsubjective confidence and consulting activity designed to add value and better an organisation s operations. It helps an organisation carry through its aims by conveying a systematic, disciplined attack to measure and better the effectivity of hazard direction, control, and administration procedures. This definition embodies a complete position of IA with respect to put on the line direction, control and administration ( Leung et al. , 2011 ) . The Internal Audit Function ( IAF ) should therefore non merely analyze the effectivity but besides assistance in the betterment of the hazard direction procedure ( Pickett, 2010 ) . 1.1.2 A brief history of internal auditing in Mauritius In Mauritius, the recent developments in the field of IA have led to a renewed involvement in this peculiar construct. In the past decennaries, IA was seen as a mechanism to double-check the 1000s of fiscal minutess that were posted to the histories each hebdomad ( Owusu, 2012 ) . In contrast, today s IA facilitates the development of suited controls as portion of a wider hazard scheme, and provides confidences on the dependability of these controls. In the present and future Mauritian concern environment, the IAF can no longer retain the traditional transaction-based function ( Pickett, 2003 ) . However, this shows a demand to respond more rapidly in today s planetary market place where companies are seeking to accomplish its strategic ends. It is therefore critical in placing chances, hazards and exposures that can find success or failure. Besides, PricewaterhouseCoopers ( PwC ) ( 2005 ) in Mauritius provides a scope of IA services, from outsourcing and co-sourcing, to Sarbanes-Oxley services and Quality Assurance Reviews that go above traditional fiscal coverage to assist IA gain its full strategic potency. It is deserving observing the function of IA is germinating because of economic conditions, new and rising hazards. These scenarios are making a dynamic environment and a new chance for IA to show its worth in pull offing hazard. In this fluid environment, many companies are fighting to manage or even to place the complex hazards they face. 1.2 Background of Research In position of the compelling nature of the 2011 fiscal crisis which has had a negative consequence in Mauritius and many other states across the Earth, houses are being persuaded to make a more in depth work with a more holistic attack to put on the line direction. As administrations struggle for success after the crisis, many are inquiring: What is, and what should be, the function of internal auditing in hazard direction? Correspondingly, in the wake of corporate dirts and the planetary fiscal crisis, corporate administration has received immense attending from regulators and the populace. The past decennary has seen the rapid development of IA in hazard direction. Regulatory responses have focused on increasing revelation demands associating to corporate administration and this has, in bend, driven increased consciousness and demand for internal confidence on corporate administration processes, particularly, internal control and hazard direction. Having a alone place within the administration, the internal audit map ( IAF ) is good placed to supply this confidence and is an indispensable constituent of the corporate administration mosaic. Consequently, the function of IA has evolved well. Primarily, in the yesteryear, IA focused on internal control while today, it emphasized on concern hazard. Second, there is a alteration signifier an independent assessment map towards an integrated hazard direction. IA is besides going a existent direction adviser while affecting in an aim and consulting activity. 1.3 Internal Audit and Risk Management There is considerable involvement in the research of IA and hazard direction. The hazard direction is nevertheless believed to be a cardinal duty of direction. This issue refers to the manner by which an administration analyses, feats, fundss, and proctors hazards from all beginnings so as to add to the house s short and long-run value to its stakeholders. However, administrations are being pressurised to place all the concern hazards they face such as societal, ethical, environmental every bit good as fiscal and operational hazards. They need to explicate how they cut down the hazards to the minimal degree. Meanwhile, houses have acknowledged that the turning engagement of IA and hazard direction is of import. This is because, the IA has to verify the adequateness of the hazard direction procedure that is, whether direction has planned and designed it suitably by guaranting that it provides sensible confidence that the administrations aims will be achieved. Despite IA s natural involvement in hazard direction, there is argument as to their combination. Undoubtedly, the internal hearers varied functions and accent on hazard direction are dependent on the adulthood of the hazard direction procedure in the house. Consequently, there is an pressing demand that precautions are put in topographic point to guarantee that the full company particularly, internal hearers to the full understand direction s duty towards hazard direction. However, this has lead to a new construct covering with the betterment of the traditional construct known as the Enterprise Risk Management ( ERM ) . Consequently, the IA profession has become a cardinal driver of ERM which is defined by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations ( COSO ) ( 2004 ) as: a procedure, effected by an entity s board of managers, direction, and other forces ; applied in a scheme scene and across the endeavor ; designed to place possible events that may impact the entity ; and pull off hazard to be within its hazard appetency to supply sensible confidence sing the accomplishment of entity aims. This definition has included all facets related to an effectual hazard direction. 1.4 Problem Statement Indeed, many administrations exist to accomplish their ain specific ends and aims. Unfortunately, ends are non ever achieved as expected, because they have to be achieved in an environment of hazard. Surely, no entity operates in a riskless environment, and hazard direction will non make such an environment. In this position, hazard direction is an country of paramount importance to a house. Because every company is exposed to hazards, effectual hazard direction is necessary for the patterned advance of a concern entity. Risk direction will, nevertheless, assist direction to run more efficaciously in an environment filled with hazard. A new attack to hazard is now called the ERM. However, portion of the covering with hazards includes the IAF, which exists to analyze and describe on hazard exposures and the administration s hazard direction attempts. Hence, a inquiry that arises is whether the IA is an of import participant in hazard direction. However, there is besides a existent danger of IA losing their independent position within administrations if they merge excessively much into hazard direction maps. There is besides a great demand to look into how this engagement of IA in hazard direction can raise any menaces to IA objectiveness and independency. 1.5 Research Objectives: As a consequence, the chief research aims of this survey are as follows: To analyze on how the function of IA has changed in the recent old ages by emphasizing on its importance in administration. To critically analyze how IA see itself as an of import participant in hazard direction within the Mauritanian companies, by stressing on its significance. To look into how this engagement of internal hearers in hazard direction can raise any menaces to internal hearers objectiveness and independency. To find the extent to which ERM is implemented and used in the entities of Mauritius every bit good as to analyze the different functions that IA can or can non set about in relation to put on the line direction. However, this undertaking is structured as follows: the following subdivision reviews the literature which farther develops our research methodological analysis. This is followed by the subdivision that analyses the research findings and eventually comes the decision and recommendations subdivision.

History of Perus Independence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Perus Independence - Research Paper Example Peru is an independent nation - a division of Latin America that was separated during the Colonial period. The Colonial period which lasted for about 400 years laid the base for development and evolution of Latin America. Latin America was worst affected by the Colonial regimen undergoing several problems each mutilating periodically. The problems included evacuation of the native population, replacement of power and as a result, development of the country seemed to be a herculean task. The native people were the ones who suffered due to the Colonial invasion. (Keen, 2007). Sanitation was not provided and hence new diseases started to spread taking a toll on the lives of the people. Floods and famines also contributed to the death of native people. Even the culture of Latin America underwent a complete change due to the zealous priests who opposed the native culture. Exploitation was felt more than the development of the country. This resulted in problems which later led to a situati on where the people had to bring about a new change. Even the constitutional powers were under their control which modified the entire government. The Colonial history proved to be advantageous as well as disadvantageous to the natives. Some of the colonial aspects helped in improving the identity of the nation and this helped the country to gain popularity among the other countries.

Multi-faceted role of the teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Multi-faceted role of the teacher - Essay Example Educators design curriculum to help them set learning paths for their students. This noble task has been attempted repeatedly and in various contexts in the hopes of improving curriculum. It can be said that educators always work towards a curriculum that empowers the learner. It would greatly benefit him and future generations to come. Curriculum comprises the whole school programme. It covers a broad spectrum - from how the physical environment is designed, which skills are targeted to be developed in the children, which concepts and activities are appropriate for the age group, what are the routines to be included and how one transitions from one activity to another. Marsh (2004) defines curriculum as a variety of learning experiences where students gain general skills and obtain knowledge in different learning sites. This definition concentrates more on learning and learning skills rather than teaching. It also values the practical skills gained from other learning sites other than from school alone. Grundy (1987) in his definition describes curriculum as ‘A programme of activities (by teachers and pupils) designed so that pupils will attain so far as possible certain educational and other schooling ends or objectives’ (Grundy, 1987, p.11). It is evident that any curriculum definition one way or another puts emphasis on the learning process, gained knowledge and skills, subject content and students’ comprehensive learning experience. In designing an appropriate course curriculum, an essential process needs to be considered including which curriculum model is most suitable for the needs of the learner. The process of learning is as important as the content learned (Newby 2005). Constructivist theory is gaining more attention, recognition and acceptance in many educational institutions. Its curriculum premises on the belief that learners â€Å"construct† their own

Latinos Illegal Immigration Essay Example for Free

Latinos Illegal Immigration Essay â€Å"The contribution of immigrants can be seen in every aspect of our national life. We see it in religion, in politics, in business, in arts, in education, even in athletics and in entertainment. There is no part of our nation that has not been touch by our immigrant’s background† As we all know, John F. Kennedy was passionate about emigrational issues, throughout his presidency. He always said that America is a nation of people with values and traditions. He believes everybody deserves the freedom to build better lives for themselves as well as for their family members in their adopted homeland. Throughout the years, numerous folks have immigrated from all around the world to the United States. Today, Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States. â€Å"About 44 million Latinos have been officially tallied; another 9 million Latinos are living here illegally. † The Latinos substantial Illegal immigration into the United State has provoked a mayor concern. There are many concerns about Latinos illegal immigration such as, the impact on the United States economy, as well as for their motherland, also the physical danger they have to experience on their journey, and the psychological sufferings they have to live with in order to live the American dream. To begin with, going back to the 1800’s, before the Europeans immigrated into the United States, Latinos had already established settlements in New Mexico and Florida, And have contribute to the development of this country. According to the statistical abstract of the United States about 43 million people can trace back to their Hispanic origin. Even after all of the history of Latinos in America, U. S. officials begun to build a 670 miles-long-wall on the U. S. borders to control the illegal immigration. Despising protest from environmental groups and the Mexican government, the U. S. government continues work on keeping Latino illegal immigrant away from the U. S borders, but then again about 300,000 people elude detention and make it to the United States each year, and about million get arrested and return to their native land. Despite walls and border patrol official as long as there is poverty in third world countries, undocumented immigrant will continue to find a way to fight for the American dream. Then again â€Å"what is the American dream? † The American dream is to come to the United States and work hard. Their goal is not to get rich and make millions of dollar but instead all they want to do is to provide their families a better life style. Many travel the journey alone, because they know how dangerous and risky this experience can be. Some people try over and over if they were not successful the first time. Once they finally make it across; they live in the worst conditions and share their living space with 8 other people just to be able to save as much as they can so one day they can return to their motherland, and enjoy the fruit of their hard work with their loved ones. One of the biggest controversies about illegal immigration for many Americans is that if more illegal immigrant crossed the border, the jobs availability will decrease. That is understandable. Many Latinos that work in the United States work hard and have more than one job at the same time. The irony of all is that the jobs these illegal immigrants do are those ones no one wants to put their hands on, because either those jobs are difficult to do or because the pay is not enough. I do not think any of the protestants groups against Latinos illegal immigration have ever think that these people had never had the chance to go to school and educate themselves. Every American in this country had the privileged to get education. But instead there are many that chose not to take advantage of that. They rather live of welfare and social security. I do not know who is worst, us hypocrites citizens that are always trying to eat the smallest fish or these companionate people that all they care about is the wellbeing of the people they love. This type of egoism and greed is what has brought biggest empires down. Furthermore, another concern is that millions of dollars being send throughout Latino America without being tax. This concern affect us all, since must of the money from taxes is use to run public schools, hospitals, public transportation, etc. n my opinion, I agree with this concern, but in the other hand I am sure that if they were given a chance to contribute to the growth of this country; they will take care of their responsibilities. In addition to the effect of immigrants in the United states economy. I would like to talk about the physical and emotional impact of have to go through after they make the decision of fulfilling their American dreams. While doing this research I stumble upon a short article by James M. Henslin call â€Å"The Illegal Travel Guide† this article explains the experience from a different point of view. Manuel was a drinking buddy of Jose, a man I had met in Colima, Mexico. At 45, Manuel was friendly, outgoing, and enterprising. Manuel, who had lived in the United States for seven years, spoke fluent English. Preferring to live in his hometown in Colima, where he palled around with his childhood friends, Manuel always seemed to have money and free time. When Manuel invited me to go on a business trip with him, I accepted. I never could figure out what he did for a living or how he could afford a car, a luxury that none of his friends had. As we traveled from one remote village to another, Manuel would sell used clothing that he had heaped in the back of his older-model Ford station wagon. ? At one stop, Manuel took me into a dirt-floored, thatched-roof hut. While chickens ran in and out, Manuel whispered to a slender man who was about 23 years old. The poverty was overwhelming. Juan, as his name turned out to be, had a partial grade school education. He also had a wife, four hungry children under the age of 5, and two pigs his main food supply. Although eager to work, Juan had no job, for there was simply no work available in this remote village. As we were drinking a Coke, which seems to be the national beverage of Mexicos poor, Manuel ex ­plained to me that he was not only selling clothing he was also lining up migrants to the United States. For a fee, he would take a man to the border and in ­troduce him to a wolf, who would help him cross into the promised land. When I saw the hope in Juans face, I knew nothing would stop him. He was borrowing every cent he could from every friend and relative to scrape the money together. Although he risked losing everything if apprehended and he would be facing unknown risks, Juan would make the trip, for wealth beckoned on the other side. He knew people who had been to the United States and spoke glowingly of its opportunities. Manuel, of course, the salesman he was, stoked the fires of hope. Looking up from the children playing on the dirt floor with chickens pecking about them, I saw a man who loved his family. In order to make the desperate bid for a better life, he would suffer an enforced absence, as well as the uncertainties of a foreign culture whose language he did not know. Juan opened his billfold, took something out, and slowly handed it to me. I looked at it curiously. I felt tears as I saw the tenderness with which he handled this piece of paper. It was his passport to the land of opportunity: A social security card made with his name, sent by a friend who had already made the trip and who was waiting for Juan on the other side of the border. It was then that I realized that the thousands of Manuels scurrying about Mexico and the millions of Juans they are transporting can never be stopped, for only the United States can fulfill their dreams of a better life. Henslin, The Illegal Travel Guide) ? In conclusion, I believe that the illegal immigration to the United States makes a big impact on our country’s economy and Latino America’s. Nevertheless, I cannot even imaging how hard is for this people to make a life changing decision without any warranty. Crossing the borders is not easy. Many people have lost their live trying; many others are still traumatized about their journey, some have vanished in desert; their family members never heard from ever again. The psychological impact for these individuals is almost insufferable. Even knowing what the consequences might be, they leave everything behind and spend every penny they have to travel to the United States, just to offer their families a better life style. They believe this is the country of freedom, progress and opportunity, just what our founding fathers stood for. A society of immigrants, each of whom had begun life anew, on an equal footing. This is the secret of America: a nation of people with the fresh memory of old traditions who dare to explore new frontiers. â€Å"(Kennedy)

Importance of Electrochemical Series

Importance of Electrochemical Series A series in which the reduction electrode potentials of various electrodes have been arranged in the increasing order (downwards) is called Electrochemical Series . The standard reduction potential of hydrogen is zero.The electrodes above hydrogen have negative reduction potential while those place below it have positive reduction potential and vice-versa. To understand the importance and application of Electrochemical series we have to study about Oxidation,Reduction and Standard Reduction Potential. What is Electrochemistry? Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of the chemical changes which occur on passing electric current into certain chemical systems and also with the generation of electricity by carrying chemical reactions which are redox reactions in nature. And Redox reactions are those reactions in which both oxidation and reduction taking place. Electronic Concept of Oxidation and Reduction According to the electronic concept, oxidation may be defined as the process in which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons. The loss of electrons is also called de-electronation. As a result, there is increase in positive valency or decrease in negative valency of the species. The species which lose electrons during oxidation are called Reducing agents. According to the electronic concept, reduction may be defined as the process in which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons. The gain of electrons is also called electronation. As a result, there is increase in negative valency or decrease in positive valency of the species. The species which gain electrons during reduction are called Oxidising agents. Electrode Potential It is the potential difference between the electrode and its ions in solution. The value of Electrode potential depends upon: (i) Nature of the metal (ii) Concentration of the ions in solution. (iii) Temperature. Types of Electrode Potential Oxidation Potential:- It is the tendency of the electrode to lose electrons and as a result it gets oxidized. Reduction Potential:- It is the tendency of the electrode to accept electrons and as a result,it gets reduced. Measurement of Standard Electrode Potential (Eo):- The standard electrode potential(electron releasing or electron accepting tendency) of an electrode in contact with its electrolyte in a half cell cannot be measured experimentally due to the following reasons:- A half cell whether oxidation or reduction half cell cannot work of its own and can work only when connected to the other half cell. The electron realeasing or accepting tendency of an electrode is only relative tendency and not absolute tendency. Thus we cannot determine the absolute standard electrode potential of an electrode.To solve the problem,a reference electrode is needed and an arbitrary electrode potential must be assigned to it.The commonly used reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) also called normal hydrogen electrode(NHE) and its standard electrode potential (oxidation as well as reduction) is taken as zero. We have stated that a standard hydrogen electrode acts as the reference electrode and it helps in measuring the standard electrode potential of an electrode.An electrochemical cell is set up in which the metal electrode under consideration is kept in one half cell and the standard hydrogen electrode acts as the other half cell. The potential difference developed as a result of the redox reaction is measured with the help of high resistance voltmeter(or beter by potentiometer). Since the electrode potential of the hydrogen electrode under standard conditions is taken zero, the reading of the voltmeter will therefore,give the  standard electrode potential of the electrode under consideration. The deflection of the voltmeter in the cell circuit represents the flow of current. The flow of current is towards opposite side.If it is towards the metal electrode, this means that the flow of electrons is towards the standard hydrogen electrode. Therefore, metal electrode will act as anode and standard hydrogen electrode as cathode. In case, the deflection is towards the hydrogen electrode, this means that the flow of electrons is from hydrogen electrode towards the metal electrode. In such a case, hydrogen electrode will act as anode and the metal electrode as the cathode. In General, Eo cell = Eo cathode Eoanode Where Eo cell value represents the standard reduction potential of the electrode. Electrochemical Series or EMF Series :- The standard electrode potential (Eo cell) of a large number of electrodes are determined with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode acting as a reference electrode. The standard reduction potential of hydrogen is zero. The electrodes above hydrogen have negative reduction potential while those place below it have positive reduction potential and vice-versa. They are arranged in decreasing strength of reducing agent to form a series known as Electrochemical Series. Application of Electrochemical Series:- To predict the relative oxidizing and reducing powers:- The electrochemical series helps to pick out substances that are good oxidizing agents and those which are good reducing agents.In an electrochemical series the species which are placed above hydrogen are more difficult to be reduced and their standard reduction potential values are negative. The Li : Li+ (aq) electrode has the least Eo value and therefore, it is reduced with more difficulty. Therefore, Li+ cannot accept electrons easily and so loses electrons to behave as a reducing agent. Li is the strongest reducing agent. The species which are easily reduced than hydrogen are palced below it in electrochemical series and their Eo value are positive. The F2 : 2F-(aq) electrode has the highest Eo value and therefore, F2 has the greatest tendency to get reduced,it is consequently the strongest oxidizing agent. In general, oxidizing agents have + Eo values. Higher the positive value, stronger will be the oxidizing agent and reducing agents have -Eo values, higher the negative value, stronger will be the reducing agent. For Example: Increasing order of reducing power of metal is Ag+/Ag(+0.80V) Calculation of the EMF of the Cell The following steps determine the reduction potential of the cathode and anode: Step I The two half-cell reactions are written in such a way that the reaction taking place at the left hand electrode is written as an oxidation reaction and that taking place at the right electrode is written as reduction reaction. Step II The number of electrons in the two equations are made equal by multiplying one of the equations if necessary by a suitable number. However, electrode potential values (E °) are not multiplied. Step III The electrode potentials of both the electrodes are taken to be reduction potentials and so the EMF of the cell is equal to the difference between the standard potential of the right hand side and the left hand side electrode. Eo cell = Eo R EoL Step IV If the EMF of the cell is +ve, the reaction is feasible in the given direction and the cell is correctly represented, i.e., oxidation occurs at left electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the right electrode (cathode). If it is -ve, the cell reaction is not feasible in the given direction and the cell is wrongly represented. Thus, to get positive value for the EMF the electrodes must be reversed. To predict whether a metal will react with acids to give H2 gas:- Metals above hydrogen in Electrochemical series have great tendency for oxidation,so they displace hydrogen from acids.All metals having negative electrode potentials (negative E ° values) show greater tendency of losing electrons as compared to hydrogen. So, when such a metal is placed in an acid solution, the metal gets oxidized, and H+ (hydrogen) ions get reduced to form hydrogen gas. Thus, the metals having negative E ° values liberate hydrogen from acids. metal having negative E ° value For example, metals such as Mg (E (Mg2+ Mg) = 2.37 V), Zn (E (Zn2+ Zn) = 0.76 V), Iron (E (Fe2+ Fe) = 0.44 V) etc., can displace hydrogen from acids such as HCl and HSO4. But metals such as Copper, (E (Cu2+ Cu) = + 0.34V), silver (E (Ag+ Ag) = + 0.80V) and gold (E (Au3+ Au) = +1.42 V) cannot displace hydrogen from acids because of their positive reduction potential value. To predict the Feasibility of Redox Reaction:- From the E ° values of the two electrodes one can find out whether a given redox reaction is feasible or not. A redox reaction is feasible only if the species which has higher potential is reduced i.e., accepts the electrons and the species which has lower reduction potential is oxidized i.e., loses electrons. The electrochemical series gives the increasing order of electrode potentials (reduction) of different electrodes on moving down the table. This means that the species, which accept the electrons (reduced) must be lower in the electrochemical series as compared to the other which is to lose electrons. (oxidized). For example, From the electrochemical series E ° value of Cu = +0.34 V and that of Ag = +0.80 V since the reduction potential of Ag is more than that of Cu, this means that silver has greater tendency to get reduced in comparison to copper. Thus, the reaction  occurs more readily than the reaction The reduction potential of copper is less than that of Ag, this means that copper will be oxidized or will go into solution as ions in comparison to Ag. Thus, the reaction,  occurs more readily than Therefore, silver will be reduced and copper will be oxidized and the above reaction is not feasible. Rather the reverse reaction,  can occur. Thus a metal will displace, any other metal, which occurs below it in the electrochemical series from its salt solution. When a metal having lower E ° value is placed in a solution, containing ions of another metal having higher E ° value, then the metal having lower E ° value gets dissolved and the ions of the metal having higher E ° value get precipitated. Problems Q:- Write the half-cell reaction and the overall cell reaction for the electrochemical cell: Calculate the standard emf for the cell if standard electrode potentials (reduction) Pb2+ Pb and Zn2+ Zn electrodes are -0.126V and -0.763 V respectively. Solution Zn electrode acts as anode while Pb electrode acts as cathode and, therefore oxidation occurs at zinc electrode and reduction occurs at lead electrode. The half cell reactions are: Q:- Iodine (I2) and bromine (Br2) are added to a solution containing iodide (I-) and bromide (Br-) ions. What reaction would occur if the concentration of each species is 1 M? The electrode potentials for the reactions are: Solution Since the reduction potential of Br2 is more than that of I2, it means that bromine can be readily reduced. Therefore, I- will be oxidized to I2 and this reaction should be written as oxidation. Therefore, the following reactions will occur: Since for the feasibility of the reaction, the emf should be +ve, and to get + ve value for the cell reaction, subtract the equation representing lower value of E ° from the equation representing the higher value of E °. Q:-. What will be the spontaneous reaction between the following half-cell reactions? Calculate Ecell. Solution Since the reduction potential of reaction (ii) is more than that of reaction (i); reaction (ii) will occur as reduction. Therefore, reaction (i) should be written as oxidation. To obtain the net reaction, we multiply the reactions by appropriate coefficients so that electrons get cancelled. Ecell = Esubstance reduced Esubstance oxidized = 1.28 (- 0.74) = 2.02V To predict the spontaneity of any redox reaction:- For any spontaneous reaction (deltaG) should be negative.Since deltaG = -nFE cell Hence E cell should be positive for spontaneous reaction. E cell is the emf of the cell and is calculated from the standard redox potentials by using the reaction. E cell = Ecathode Eanode If E cell is positive, the cell reaction is spontaneous, otherwise not. To predict the Replacement tendency :- The relative ease with which the various species of metals and ions may be oxidized or reduced is indicated by the reduction potential values. The metals with lower reduction potential are not reduced easily but are easily oxidized to their ions losing electrons. These electrons would reduce the other metals having higher reduction potentials. In other words, a metal having smaller reduction potential can displace metals having larger reduction potentials from the solution of their salt.For example, copper lies above silver in the electrochemical series, therefore, if copper metal is added to AgNO3 solution, silver is displaced from the solution. In general a metal occupying higher position in the series can displace the metals lying below it from the solutions of their salts and so are more reactive in displacing the other metals. Thus, Li is the most electropositive element in solutions and fluorine is the most electronegative element. To predict the correct Metallurgical Methods :- Eo values of Cu,H2O and Al are +0.34V,-0.83V and -1.66V.It means Cu gets more easily reduced than water and water gets more easily reduced than aluminium.Hence copper can be produced by the electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate but not aluminium.this is due to the fact that when Al3+(aq) is electrolysed,the H2O will be electrolysed but not Al3+(aq). For calculation of Equilibrium Constant :- Therefore measurement of E o enables the determination of the equilibrium constant for the electrode reaction.

Hero Speech

Hero Speech When we hear the word â€Å"hero,† it usually brings up images of super men or super woman. The super powers, sweeping in and saving humanity from villains and natural disasters, but when I hear that word, in my mind’s eye, I see my father. The word â€Å"hero† to me is full of arguments, small, quiet, stable, yet profound ways of making impacts and changing lives. A hero puts his best self forward and uses compassion, kindness, empathy, and non-violence to serve humanity, whether that is the entire world or his immediate family. Service without expectation of material gain or recognition is a true act of heroism.Father and daughter relationship is one of the most important relationships on earth. But many fathers often underestimate their importance in the lives of their daughters, doubting their significance and influence and often withdrawing much too quickly from the essential bond formed in childhood and adolescence. When a father checks out, whe ther that is through physical and emotional absence or abuse of any kind, his daughter’s sense of self-worth, ability to have healthy relationships, mental health, and ability to strive and achieve can profoundly suffer.My father Jaime Ignacio is the most awesome and very kind man in the universe. I am very proud to have him as my father. Even though we lost my mother a year and eight months ago, he did his responsibility perfectly. I know that he is hurting inside but staying strong for us. On the contrary, there is so much in life that I have learned from my Dad. He was in many ways a simple man, but yet he had strong values that he passes down to me. I am incredibly fortunate to have him as a father, and sometimes, I wonder what I did to deserve this blessing.Throughout my life, my father has been a stable, loving presence, supporting and guiding me through my trials and tribulations, sharing in my triumphs, and being a shining example of how a man should act at all times and in all situations. Even though we have some misunderstanding we still work things out, and never let it become a reason for us to lose our great bond. My father is known for his generosity and understanding. I only hope that someday I can repay him for all he has done and continues to do for me. He is the ONLY HERO IN MY LIFE and no one can replace him. EVER.

Recommendation to Counter DoS Attack

Recommend in an executive summary measures to counter this type of DoS Attack.The university network was a victim of a DDoS attack. Whereby a cyber criminal first acquired administrator access. We suspect that the attacker gained access to the network from an internal computer, most likely from a student PC in one of the labs. The attacker likely used keylogger software to discover administrator credentials.Once the attacker had the administrator access the systems he/she was able to create BOTs and push to many student PCs located in various labs. The attacker then initiate a control attack by activating the BOT's in order to form a BotNet (a.k.a. Zombie Network) with the goal of intentionally causing online services to become unusable to students (ICECC, 2009). It is important to note that a single BOT alone could not have cause the registration server unavailable. It was the combined effect of using many BOTs at once that produced the attacker's desired effect of overflowing the r esources of the registration web server and rendering it unusable.Recommendation to Counter this type of DoS attackTo prevent or limit the impact of keyloggers: Deploy a firewall to block known keylogger software. Educate facility not to open email from unknown users and not to click on links in emails from unknown users. Create a Policy whereby users cannot install new software to a machine without opening a ticket with the helpdesk or requesting administrator access (ICECC, 2009). The student computers should be preloaded with all required applications.Deploy a file monitoring program, such as Tripwire to detect and notify if any changes have occurred to files (ICECC, 2009). Passwords should always be encrypted and never traverse the network in the clear. Harden Windows by making sure that the operating system are keep current with latest patches (ICECC, 2009). Keep anti-virus, anti-spyware programs up-to-date.Install firewall packages on all computers. Deploy an intrusion-detecti on (IDS) and intrusion-prevention systems (IPS). Segmenting off network with the use of routers or firewalls is another method (Schifreen, 2006). However, the routers or firewalls will have to be configured to detect and block suspected BOT traffic (please see network diagram for item with Blue Dotted Squares).ConclusionIt is important to note that there is no method that will secure a network totally from attack. However, we can prevent some of the most common attack vectors. Therefore security personnel must remain vigilant and seek to prevent the new level of attack (Schifreen, 2006).

Free Essays on Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen

Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen The book Girl, Interrupted, is more of a collection of brief essays on Susanna Kaysen’s experiences rather than a story, contains more of Susanna’s personal insight on her disorder and allows the reader to be come more intimate with Susanna. The novel is the autobiographical account of Susanna Kaysen’s life just after her graduation from high school in the late 1960s. At this point in her life, Susanna has no direction decides to attempt suicide, taking a bottle of aspirin followed by a fifth of vodka. Susanna survived her suicide attempt and was then sent by her parents to see a psychiatrist. At their first meeting, of which Susanna still cannot recall the length, the psychiatrist immediately decided that Susanna would require hospitalization in a psychiatric ward. Directly following that meeting, Susanna is put into a cab and sent to the McLean Hospital. Upon her arrival at the hospital, Susanna is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and spend s over a year in the ward. Throughout the course of the book, Susanna describes her year at the hospital, including the people she met and events that took place. She describes the other girls in her ward: a sociopath, a pathological liar, a girl that is sexually abused, a girl that lit herself on fire, etc. She also tells of events: the visit of her boyfriend, a trip to the ice cream parlor, and of the times when her friend, Lisa, ran away. There is no plot, the book is simply a gathering of her observations from her inner self, other patients and their lives, and the world in that year in which Susanna’s life was interrupted, retold in a â€Å"darkly comedic† fashion. The language used is alternately funny, quirky, and sometimes brutally strong. Susanna describes her world at this time as a â€Å"parallel universe† often questioning if she is crazy and what it is that determines a person to be crazy. The book does not concentr... Free Essays on Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen Free Essays on Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen The book Girl, Interrupted, is more of a collection of brief essays on Susanna Kaysen’s experiences rather than a story, contains more of Susanna’s personal insight on her disorder and allows the reader to be come more intimate with Susanna. The novel is the autobiographical account of Susanna Kaysen’s life just after her graduation from high school in the late 1960s. At this point in her life, Susanna has no direction decides to attempt suicide, taking a bottle of aspirin followed by a fifth of vodka. Susanna survived her suicide attempt and was then sent by her parents to see a psychiatrist. At their first meeting, of which Susanna still cannot recall the length, the psychiatrist immediately decided that Susanna would require hospitalization in a psychiatric ward. Directly following that meeting, Susanna is put into a cab and sent to the McLean Hospital. Upon her arrival at the hospital, Susanna is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and spend s over a year in the ward. Throughout the course of the book, Susanna describes her year at the hospital, including the people she met and events that took place. She describes the other girls in her ward: a sociopath, a pathological liar, a girl that is sexually abused, a girl that lit herself on fire, etc. She also tells of events: the visit of her boyfriend, a trip to the ice cream parlor, and of the times when her friend, Lisa, ran away. There is no plot, the book is simply a gathering of her observations from her inner self, other patients and their lives, and the world in that year in which Susanna’s life was interrupted, retold in a â€Å"darkly comedic† fashion. The language used is alternately funny, quirky, and sometimes brutally strong. Susanna describes her world at this time as a â€Å"parallel universe† often questioning if she is crazy and what it is that determines a person to be crazy. The book does not concentr...

Animal Farm Bookreview essays

Animal Farm Bookreview essays The book Animal Farm was written by George Orwell, whose real name is Eric Blair, in 1943-1944. George Orwell was from England and wrote the book while living there. Orwell was born in 1903 and died in 1950. During his life he wrote many other books such as Down and Out in Paris and London, Burmese Days, and Come Up for Air. Orwell is usually known for writing political and social idealistic books. The book takes place on the Manor Farm in the 1940s to 1950s. The book never states the exact time period, but we assume it took place between this time span. The isolation of the farm influences the actions of the characters. The characters do not have much contact with the surrounding area. The book has the necessary isolation from the world for the birth and development of a new society. Its life is simple in the sense that it is unlike the urban life typical of the twentieth century. The setting of the book is a crucial component in the outcome of the story. The main characters in Animal Farm have significant traits that add to the development of the story. Old Major is the pig who truly cares for all the farm animals and is thus respected by them all. Snowball is the most articulate, innovative, and bravest of all the animals. Snowball provides an important link between the pigs and the other animals. Napoleon is the tyrant and chief revolutionary of Animal Farm. He is also an opportunist and is able to manipulate events to his own purpose. Snowball and Napoleon contend for the leadership, but Napoleon eventually runs Snowball off the farm. Squealer has strong powers of communication and uses them to twist the doctrines of Old Major. He is the propagandist of the animal society and the eyes and ears of Napoleon. Boxer is a kind, hard-working horse, but he lacks intelligence. His lack of intelligence is exploited by the pigs and he remains loyal to the new system despite its flaws. Clover understands th...

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eassy - Essay Example For instance, minority groups in American society have less degree of trust in the health system, which in turn affects how much information they give to nurses. Very young patients might not be fully aware of their clinical conditions. Old people might have had enough experience with nurses due to long-term health conditions. Young people may hide particular information that they believe will compromise their relationships. Old patients may not have confidence in very young nurses. All these factors influence assessment and interview techniques (Thomas 204). On the other hand, nurse’s assessment and interview techniques are influence by many factors. According to Sadock et al (5), each nurse is characterized by a set of cultural and health beliefs developed in life and professional training. Therefore, their assessment and interpretation of patient’s information follows those beliefs. Moreover, a nurse’ experience may depend on age and therefore ability to effectively manipulate interview techniques depend on age too. Age difference may also affect the techniques used by nurses for patient interview. For instance, a young fresh nurse may need to work extra hard to win trust and confidence of her patients. Nevertheless, nurses have the primary role of understanding these factors in order to expedite their duties effectively (Cleary et al 1). Michelle, Cleary. Factors influencing nurse–patient interaction in the acute psychiatric setting: An exploratory investigation. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, Volume 8,  Issue 3,  pages 109–116,  September 1999.

The e-government and e-procurement situation in the GCC countries Research Paper

The e-government and e-procurement situation in the GCC countries - Research Paper Example Oman has a high level of economic growth and has a free economy.The new trade and investment laws provide better degrees of vitality and flexibility to E-commerce and the government actively participates in the E commerce initiatives to provide for better business conditions (2).Qatar is more closed up and does not allow FDI in some sectors like banking, insurance, real estate, commercial agencies. Further more not more than 40% of foreign ownership is allowed unless there is a sector like Agriculture, industry, health, education, tourism, leisure and development of natural resources, energy, and mining (2).The UAE is the fastest growing economy with the recent government’s allotment of $13.4 billion towards the development of the non-oil sector, much of which will be spent on telecommunications and information technology. A recent initiative is the Dubai Internet City which is a great move to UAE’s future internet economy (2).Bahrain is an important business center and is only recently warming up in the internet race. It is located half way between the time zones of East and West, and give that the GCC countries (mostly import oriented) have an estimated population of more than 19 million, and added 100 million to adjoining neighboring countries that leads to enormous consumer bases potential. It is reported that the Bahrain government is striving towards E-procurement in the sectors of business & financial services, tourism, information technology, telecommunications, healthcare & education (2).... Qatar is more closed up and does not allow FDI in some sectors like: banking, insurance, real estate, commercial agencies. Further more not more than 40% of foreign ownership is allowed unless there is a sector like: Agriculture, industry, health, education, tourism, leisure anddevelopment of natural resources, energy and mining (2). The UAE is the fastest growing economy with the recent government's allotment of $13.4 billion towards the development of the non-oil sector, much of which will be spent on telecommunications and information technology. A recent initiative is the Dubai Internet City which is a great move to UAE's future internet economy (2). Bahrain is an important business centre and is only recently warming up in the internet race. It is located half way between the time zones of East and West, and give that the GCC countries (mostly import oriented) have an estimated population of more than 19 million, and added 100 million to adjoining neighboring countries that leads to enormous consumer bases potential. It is reported that the Bahrain government is striving towards E-procurement in the sectors of business & financial services, tourism, information technology, telecommunications, healthcare & education (2). In a similar vein Saudi Arabia has followed suit and an even better climate is found in Kuwait where as any Kuwaiti or GCC national over 21 years of age can carry commerce in Kuwait. In Kuwait public procurement is dealt with government of law 37 of 1964, Law 18 of 1970 and Law 81 of 1977. There is no internet procedure for most of the tendering procedures and this has yet to change to promote public procurement (2). 2. Role of Internet and the other emerging ICT ways of communication in